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Energy Policy and the Long Transition in America

… You can't read the newspapers or surf the web without coming face to face with the pivotal human problem of energy … were neither everyday news items nor were they significant forces within American energy policy-making. In the 1960s, … its later impact on natural resource policy. Over time, the freedom from regulatory oversight included in the Natural …
An integrated classroom in Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C., in 1957.

The Unfinished Business of School Desegregation

… The 50th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education has come and gone. But in celebrating its achievements we have … that myth decade after decade. In New York City, for example, the current generation of parent activists … children to inferior and unequal education. Adina Back, visiting fellow at the New York University Institute for
Lydia Vargo and Teamster with delivery wagon in Toledo, Ohio c. 1920.

The National Park Service Explores the History of Farm Labor in America

… of Chihuahua in northern Mexico migrated to southern California with four young daughters. The family caravanned up … With a sense of betraying la causa, I carried out mom's command. My mother was equally adamant that I was not to … the community to evaluate how best to promote the public's visitation of these landmarks and to educate the young and …
President Woodrow Wilson with his wife, Edith, in June 1920.

Making it into the White House

Review of Fit for the Presidency? Winners, Losers, What-Ifs, and Also-Rans, by Seymour Morris Jr. (Lincoln: Potomac Books, 2017)
… on fifteen candidates who ran between 1788 and 1980. Fit for the Presidency? Winners, Losers, What-Ifs, and Also-Rans … of the presidency itself has changed, making his comparisons something of an apples and oranges exercise.  … Morris claims – evidence? – that RFK was insincere when he “visited burned-out ghettoes to ensure that he would get 90 …

Populism and Anti-Americanism in Modern Latin America

… Brazil and Chile, are not populists. Consequently, the most common definition of populism in political science today … that the U.S. feels it can work with. The most important visit by President Bush was to Brazil. Brazilian President … governments' disagree on a number issues (most importantly free trade and agriculture subsidies), the two nations have …
A makeshift hospital in Iowa during the 1918 flu pandemic

Pandemics: Past, Present, Future

… Humanities, a state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. … port cities, Boston, Massachusetts, Brest in France and Freetown in Sierra Leone. These were all important military …
A U.S. military vehicle crossing the Iraq border in March 2003.

U.S. Credibility at Stake in Iraq

… even more with each day that American and British forces fail to unearth more than circumstantial evidence of … that Iraq was a significant threat to the international community. Why is that? Because, the United States — from … on a war it cannot justify. Christopher Gerteis is a visiting professor of East Asian history at the University …
Engraving of Roman plague doctor, Schnabel c.1656.

Quarantino: Plague and the Origins of Social Distancing

… strength and quantity, and are well mixed.” Humoral theory, combined with ignorance of germs, created a situation ripe for unchecked outbreak. Those who cared for the sick—from … “generated such horror that children did not dare to visit their dying parents, nor parents their children, but …
U.S. soldiers in Iraq in 2007.

Nation-Building Demands Heavy Lifting

… disavowed the goal of “nation-building” by U.S. military forces. Since then, he’s reversed himself. But instead of … years after World War II, not a single U.S. soldier died in combat either in Germany or in Japan — in sharp contrast to … be humble and yet project strength in a way that promotes freedom.” Since America’s national security depends on the …

(Fore)Closing on the American Dream

… largest financial burden and their greatest asset, as it is for so many Americans, because of the peculiarities of the … lucky. Their ability to afford their monthly payments was compromised first by the falling market, then by mortgages … above. On one side of this debate are those who support free market policies that blame the borrowers themselves. …
Pakistan to US Student Exchange Program, July 2011.

Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well

… involved in the world, the more necessary a knowledge of foreign nations becomes. Yet Congress is trying to handicap that endeavor by … foreign cultures. Let national security agencies learn from free and open scholarly inquiries. The realities of the … History News Service …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… legacy with which Americans will sooner or later have to come to terms: today we live in a society of greater … This disturbing development is linked to the PATCO debacle, for President Reagan’s unprecedented act of union-busting … in Washington, D.C., and a writer for the History News Service. He is currently writing a book on the PATCO …
Power lines.

Blackouts: Symptoms of Our Dependence

… its lawsuit against the giant utility Consolidated Edison for the 19-hour blackout that plunged northern Manhattan … year of anticipating “Y2K” has served to remind us that the computers we call “personal” actually answer to specialized … lever that permits drivers to roll up windows by hand.) Visit the hospital, and you will confront a forbidding array …
Cover of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War by Ian Ona Johnson.

The Soviet-German Exchange: Beyond Ideology and Opportunism

Review of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, by Ian Ona Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… Union in September 1939 shocked the world and set the stage for the German invasion of France , Belgium, Luxembourg, and … order and provide readers bite-sized analyses of complex political, social, and military affairs. For … Union played in achieving Germany’s goals of breaking free of the shackles of Versailles by allowing it to skirt …
Transmission tower in Tennessee in the 1940s.

Back to the Future With Thomas A. Edison

… and electricity distribution networks as they get ready for peak demand. Lots of things can cause blackouts — … stubbornly. When it appeared he could no longer win by competing fairly, he tried playing up the dangerous aspects … would surely have a big smile on his face. Hal Hellman, a free-lance science writer, is the author of "Great Feuds in …
Cover of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall by Mary Elise Sarotte.

…And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: A History of Contingency and Happenstance

Review of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall, by Mary Elise Sarotte New York: Basic Books, 2014.
… irrevocably porous. But the events of November 9 did not come from nowhere. The fall of the Berlin Wall—as detailed … culmination of geo-political diplomacy, a strategized win for those at the top of the political heap; she instead … manifesting the leadership’s ultimate reluctance to grant freedom of movement to its people. Protests followed and on …
The Romanov Family

The Romanov Tercentenary: Commemoration, History, and Power

… the Russias.” Services in Moscow capped a series of events commemorating the Romanovs’ tercentenary, in what proved to … continue to grapple with the Romanov legacy as they search for a usable past after the turbulent twentieth century. … workers were carefully muzzled in advance of the tsar’s visit. Celebration of the Romanovs’ heritage could draw …
Taliban fighters patrol the streets of Kabul in August, 2021.

Who are the Taliban?

… Taliban? The question has confounded international society for more than a quarter century. Their stunning victory in … the Taliban now confront the challenge of governing this complex country and establishing a stable government. Since … the United States as guests of UNOCAL corporation. They visited Texas, Nebraska, and Washington, D.C. A number of …
Cover of With Our Backs to the Wall Victory and Defeat in 1918 by David Stevenson.

The End of the War as They Knew It

Review of With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918, by David Stevenson (Cambridge, M.A.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
… The year 1917 went badly for the Entente powers ("Allies") on a variety of fronts. … of 1918, then nuanced chapters examining the major combatants in technology, logistics, and intelligence, … the war in 1918 served Wilson in two ways: financially it freed him from the risk of incurring greater debts, and …
Judge Charles W. Pickering, Sr.

Ghosts of Mississippi Haunt Pickering’s Nomination

… The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee will vote early in March on the Bush administration's effort to elevate Federal District Judge Charles W. Pickering … does not belong on the Circuit Court. Joshua M. Zeitz is a visiting assistant professor of history at Brown University …
1992 portrait of General Wesley K. Clark.

Wesley Clark: In the Tradition of Generals Who Make Peace

… opposed to the administration’s war policies and hungry for a candidate with national security bona fides. A … officers as presidential contenders. Generals who have become president (there were ten, six of them notable as … does he hunger for war. Historian David Greenberg is a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and …
Cover of Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography by M. Hanioğlu.

Kemalism: "The Religion of the Turk"

Review of Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography, by M. Sukru Hanioglu (Princeton. Princeton University Press. 2011)
… both nationally and internationally. The policies of transformation that he introduced carried Turkey into a secular … M. Sukru Hanioglu, who is the Garrett Professor in Foreign Affairs in the Department of Near Eastern Studies at … pursue national strength even at the expense of individual freedom," was the source of inspiration for Ataturk's …
William Shatner as Captain Kirk and Leonard Nimoy as Mr. Spock pose behind a model of the starship Enterprise.

Star Trek

… sixth series will debut in 2017) hundreds of novels and comic books, and countless toys, games, uniforms and other merchandise. Star Trek: The Original Series … thinking of leaving Star Trek when Martin Luther King Jr. visited the set. He insisted that she remain on the show …