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… spy. Since then, as this list shows, espionage became more complex and increasingly valuable. The times change, but … Townsend, along with Washington, shared a secret code to communicate that Tallmadge devised. Townsend ran a coffee … British waters. This enabled Room 40 to intercept the Zimmerman telegram, a German invitation of alliance to Mexico …

… Agency (WADA) Dick Pound presented “The Independent Commission Report #1” to the press corps. The 323-page … about what effects the substances might have on athletes’ bodies. Certainly there were those who disagreed, and at times … still. First, American authorities accused Japanese swimmers of using “purified oxygen” during the 1932 Summer …

… political ends. After the war, no less than it had with soldiers, guns, and other armaments, Israel pursued nature … into the homes and land of Jewish settlers.  Drawing on studies of the United States’ Tennessee Valley Authority, and … the powerful and single-minded  Mekorot, the National Water Company of Israel .  Mekorot claims it has conveyed “water, …

… April 24, 2015 marks the commemoration of the 100 th anniversary of the Armenian … The result was the physical annihilation of the Armenian communities that had lived in the Anatolian peninsula for … of the legal and historical label “genocide,” and why coming to terms with mass atrocities is so difficult today. …

… Leticia Wiggins   Welcome to History Talk Produced by Origins , a project of the … Breyfogle. Our executive producer is David Staley. Our website manager and technical advisor is Mitchell Shelton. … and Leticia Wiggins . Find our podcasts and more at our website origins.osu.edu Thank you for listening!   …

… to produce genocide. These include the Young Turks' intense commitment to the homogenization of Anatolia (a development … Some of the Armenians were relocated successfully, but many died in the process mostly from thirst, exhaustion, hunger, … in Middle Eastern history, human rights, and peace studies will glean significant knowledge of the Armenian …

… American Revolution , and the Early American Republic. This compilation gathers together some of his important essays … is his discussion of “Anglicization.” Rather than becoming less and less British as the 17th and 18th centuries … should continue to inform the discussions of current and future historians.” To that end, Rethinking America does not …

… U.S. general killed in World War II, are not names that come to mind for most people.   That's because this is not … Indian history, arts and crafts, and the national tragedies of the 19th century. This is important material, but … Piewesta (Hopi) became the first American Indian woman to die in combat. Four months earlier, U.S. Navy Cmdr. John …

… as fakes should make readers ask why these cliches are so compelling in the first place. Autobiographies, with their … outsiders were offering up their life stories to an audience eager to learn about life on the margins. As early as … not only defies our expectations, but teaches us their futility. Yet, until our expectations change, the …

… the terrorist attack seems too much to bear. Professional commentators, and current and former government officials … war.” His unit had killed and wounded several American soldiers and taken others prisoner. President James K. Polk, … of people who will consequently become terrorists in the future. The use of military force often has consequences …

… to loosen his creativity and imagination. As we have come to know Fitzgerald the person, the chances are good … prohibition became the fulcrum of moral and civil disobedience by those who formerly considered themselves … were the era's cultural form of political civil disobedience; these actions infused prohibition with political …

… are ruthlessly terrorizing Nuevo Laredo and other border communities. In the past, though, security-first strategies … fare any better. In Mexico as in Colombia, the obstacles to combating the drug trade go well beyond a simple lack of … trade. If not, they will simply pass this problem along to future generations. Hal Brands is the author of "From Berlin …

… the idea of a color-blind America. Media pundits and social commentators nationwide claimed that Obama's election … success. History, however, might prove otherwise.  As we come to the end of the first decade of the twenty-first … meaningful change both in Weaver's lifetime and the future.  It is often one of the problems with writing …

… enact this substantial change to Title I. This 35-year-old compensatory education legislation has failed to reach its … that would improve public schools. Rep. Caleb R. Layton’s comments during a debate in 1922 on a proposal to combat … and the editor of the Federal Education Policy History website. He is the author of "Failing Grades: The Federal …

… President Clinton’s commission on race relations is dead on arrival. Most Americans had wished it success. They had hoped that commission members’ resolve and wisdom would move attention … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …

… about nuclear weapons and who has them? How did the U.S. become so central in efforts to control them? And how can past … of the Mershon Center for International Security Studies, and chair of Peace Studies and Conflict Resolution at … it becomes a political question. And the negotiation of future agreements will become more important than …

… to individual states, and for decades many had found this a comforting justification for their tolerance of an … of voting rights to some African-Americans (specifically soldiers and “the very intelligent”).   We can only speculate … struggle for all Americans’ civil rights, one that many future historians will likely celebrate. Hopefully, they …

… His friends admired him for his intelligence, honesty, and commitment to virtue, but thought that maybe a little … loved to hold forth on the frivolity and stupidity of the ladies of high society, something not calculated to win female … kept utterly in the dark about their strange role in Day’s future plans, they were also forced to wait on him hand and …

… ancient Mesopotamian history. The bearded warrior kings and completely shaven priestly classes established a clear … Ages evolved into the Renaissance , the history of beards becomes far more tangled.  Influential figures like Henry VIII … opens the door for a great deal of further development by future publications. While his foundational assertion that …

… too frequently heard, “if only you were white,” as a compliment to their skills, but also as a reality check that … him “one of the greatest pitchers of all time.”  The compliments were great, but they might as well have said, … four Black men made their way to the pros, including future Hall of Famer Larry Doby, who integrated the American …

… of Qing laws prohibiting the drug. After one Chinese trade commissioner captured and publicly destroyed British opium … ship seized by China on suspicion of piracy—reducing its complex causes to only its precipitating event. … events entirely. In the 1950s, for example, observers of communist China described Chairman Mao Zedong ’s campaign to …

… total solar eclipse . Dating to 1223 BCE in Syria, it was accompanied by the appearance of  Mars in the sky and … eclipses offer perspective through their enormity. They command respect. The response of Cooper’s New York to the … overland from the Pacific, lexicographer Noah Webster’s Compendious Dictionary of the English Language   defined an …

… loud chanting and shouting. Toyota pick-ups raced about, soldiers and police hanging precariously off the sides and … starting. [Y'En A Marre] want change and their patience has come to an end. Prices are too high, the power fails all the … evidence of the mounting despair of his people over the future was presented in the desperate efforts of thousands …

… analogies about Iraq. They had better search further. While comparisons of Iraq with Vietnam may stir Howard Dean’s … and Iraqi police face domestic and foreign terrorists committed not to independence but actually to blocking … would demonstrate American will power. It would save future American lives and ensure that those lost remain …