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… The recent decision of California voters to take away the … to married couples.   Marriage in this country (as it was even in Puritan New England) is a civil contract. Thus, … for example, Iran’s death penalty against homosexual sex.   When supporters of defining marriage as between one man and …

… Since Chinese President Jiang Zemin’s arrival in the United States on Oct. 26 he has been dogged by … history of United States-Tibet and Sino-Tibetan relations. When the Chinese Communist Party emerged victorious from … into exile.  From the early 1950s until 1971, this revolt was aided by the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency, which …

… court case exposing decades of sterilization abuse in the name of eugenics. Eugenics boards in 33 states oversaw … all were classified as “feebleminded” and the procedure was often performed against their will or with coerced … and Feebleminded , where her foster family abandoned her when she became pregnant as a result of rape. For Buck’s …

… Though Eurasia is the world's largest unified landmass, Eurasian history has … attract the attention of regional powers on the periphery. When the regional powers expand inward, they disrupt the … into four regional empire periods. The first period begins when the Chinese and the Romans each invaded the prosperous …

… a full-time teaching job at an American university. In other words, I’m lucky. By now, everyone has probably heard … How can we assist them? Should we even try? In an era when every side of the political spectrum seems to worship … be sure, such programs were easier to defend when America was mired in a depression. Asked why the government should …

… amendment banning gay marriage ought to consider the old Chinese adage, “Be careful what you wish for, … The nation’s constitutional history is full of instances when the outcome of amendments varied from the original … a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, even when they personally oppose the practice, are prudent …

… in Egypt,” a protestor shook with fury as he shouted at the camera in a message to Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, the … strongman recently voted President of Egypt. The footage was shot about a year ago, just after al-Sisi and the … initially occurred under Anwar Sadat (Nasser’s successor) when policies of greater tolerance and acceptance paved the …

… candles this year.  Like all Jews, I grew up hearing the story of the brave young freedom fighters, the … prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, said it clearly:  when Arafat signed the Oslo Agreements, he was agreeing to be Israel's "subcontractor," to suppress the …

… On this Fourth of July, the Declaration of Independence is nowhere to be seen. Yet … is hard to imagine any document surviving such abuse. Why was it treated in this manner? Simply put, the Declaration … until the country approached its golden anniversary. And when the Declaration was examined in 1820, government …

… Travelers to Uzbekistan almost all begin their journey at the large, recently remodeled airport in … the searing heat to Khiva, the “museum in the open” that was, from the sixteenth century, the regional capital. … The Afrighids retained this title until 995 C.E., when power shifted into the hands of the neighboring Amir of …

… We tell ourselves that there is just one ultimate reality out there, a single fixed … allowing the peoples we study to decide for themselves what was true and real in their experience, our picture of the … on which the life and health of the community is staked. When one then surveys the different models of reality that …

… February 3, 2018 marked 75 years since the conclusion of the Battle of Stalingrad . After almost … participants in the defense effort ( right ). Stalingrad was hailed in February 3’s Pravda ( Truth ) newspaper as … as Grossman and Koroteev had done in the Soviet period. Whenever the battle is mentioned in popular culture, …

… and repressive law that would make it illegal for women of the Shi'i minority (approximately 10 percent of the … As one protester lamented to a New York Times reporter: "Whenever a man wants sex, we cannot refuse. It means a woman … one a woman with light blonde hair, and the country was in the midst of a civil war. Just two months before we …

… Nevada. Humboldt, Iowa. Humboldt County, California. The Humboldt River. All these places, and undoubtedly more … international celebrity. Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) was surely among the greatest naturalists of his era. His … shifts in political winds meant that he was left ashore when the Great United States Exploring Expedition set sail …

… William Colby has become a more or less forgotten figure in the turbulent history of the 1960s and 1970s. However, he … but also of the CIA and the Vietnam War. During WWII, Colby was reassigned to the Office of Strategic Services and … barely tolerated “the House of Ngo” and often opposed it. When the Ngo government attempted to repress the unrest, …

… Is all well with freedom of expression in the United States? It would seem so, given the latitude of … and ideas. Some public libraries in the Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., like many others elsewhere, are now … Act of 1798. It was passed during the republic's infancy, when foreign threats to the nation abounded and when many …

… On the cold, foggy morning of January 21, 1793—225 years … from the Temple, the fortified medieval monastery where he was imprisoned, to the Place de la Révolution, where the … to execute their beloved father, their king? After all, when the Revolution began just a few years before in 1789, …

… geopolitical disorder and economic distress wrought by swashbuckling capitalism. As Commanders-in-Chief and liberal Protestants, the twenty-fifth and forty-fourth presidents both confronted … than Hosni Mubarak. But despite his declared benevolence, when provided an opportunity Libyans revolted en masse . …

… string of American casualties on foreign soil. No doubt, the president will argue that we must risk American lives in … impressions. A top Air Corps official explained that there was “very little idealism, not much willingness to discuss … they’ll find Americans who were willing to sacrifice only when they felt personally endangered. The New York Times …

… For over forty years, John Murrin has been among the most influential historians of colonial America, the … as equal to their fellow Englishmen and believed Parliament was not treating them as such. “The great financier, or … support they desired, but this strategy later backfired when the lower classes used the same ideology to challenge …

… "Rosa sat down, Martin stood up, and the white kids came down and saved the day." -Julian Bond … in Montgomery, Alabama, started an entire movement when she spontaneously refused to give up her seat on a bus … and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Jim Crow segregation was abolished, and African Americans had achieved their …

… from the domination of Nazi Germany and its allies. Yet it was the Soviet Union who emerged in the early days of the … cast aside the vital partnership then rekindled it when Nazi Germany set its sights on Eastern Europe. The most … came to prominence during this period. Familiar faces like Lenin, Stalin, Molotov, Hindenburg, Hitler, and Ribbentrop …

…   In geologic years, the Galapagos Islands are infants. Located on the … are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old. When the tops of the volcanos first broke through the … As dramatic as what these Europeans took from the islands was what they left behind. The pirates brought goats to the …

… drilling for oil and natural gas. His party is pushing, in the name of freedom and economic opportunity, to roll back a … and death even to their own kind?”   “Silent Spring” was denounced in the popular press. In a scathing review, … Time magazine dismissed it as “hysterically overemphatic.” When the New Yorker serialized “Silent Spring,” a California …