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History, Memory, and the Art of Protest in Belarus

… Sweden, larger than the three Baltic republics (PDF File) combined, and larger than Austria. It would be the 11 th … way of comparison, approximately 1.3 million Americans have died in all wars since 1776). Belarus, the historian Timothy … opened, complete with a 100-foot stone sculpture of a soldier entitled “Courage.” In the destroyed village of Khatyn, …
The Romanov Family

The Romanov Tercentenary: Commemoration, History, and Power

… the Russias.” Services in Moscow capped a series of events commemorating the Romanovs’ tercentenary, in what proved to … deemed oppositional, the tsar brusquely cut him off. He welcomed supplicant peasant elders, but Kostroma was part of a … industrialization, urbanization, expanding literacy, mass communications, and demands for political participation and …
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her investiture ceremony, October 1, 2010.

How Empathy Makes Superior Judges – and Justice

… Obama when he suggested that empathy was an important ingredient in a justice. In fact, the president was simply … to the Supreme Court.   T.R. recognized that those who become judges invariably have had close association with … to a wide range of experiences. It is relatively easy for judges, like other human beings, to relate to …

Russia, Gay Rights, and the Sochi Olympics

… delegation to Sochi. Inadvertently, the Sochi games have become the gay games. Homosexuality in Russia Today The … fall under the law, or are statements to a broad public audience grounds for prosecution? What exactly is a “warped … and his officials have to say about their policies, it is easy to detect echoes of the Slavophiles. Vladislav Surkov, …
Glacial ice on Lake Baikal

Climate Change and Human Life

… Leticia Wiggins  Welcome to History Talk , produced by Origins: Current Events … in the last five years is how much major decision-making bodies, sadly, non-democratic decision-making bodies, have … Wiggins. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more at our website, …
Secretary of State John Kerry continued his meetings in Lausanne with Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. Under Secretary Wendy Sherman and Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz are participating in the meetings.

Iran’s Nuclear Diplomacy

… have met periodically in Vienna in an attempt to accomplish what was long considered a near-impossible task. … in Iran—who was effectively inspiring Iranian soldiers fighting in the war. Those soldiers, the article asserted, were fighting not to free their …
General George Washington Resigning his Commission.

Diplomatic Advisers: Washington, Kennan, FDR

… on the one-dollar bill lived a long time ago. His last communication – the "Farewell Address" of 1796 – was really … Farewell Address (if we think of it at all) as an obsolete command for Americans to isolate themselves from the rest of … the United States into supporting their parochial wishes. Complying with such entreaties, Washington knew, could harm …
The Dalai Lama speaking in front of Tibet's flag.

A New Chance for Peace in Tibet

… Both sides have long known that the solution lay in compromise and talks have endured intermittently, and … The major divide remains the issue of Tibetan independence. Compromise is essential. China must openly embrace the Dalai … the far more difficult issue of Taiwan. Now that Deng has died, both sides now appear determined to find a solution. …
Mikhail Bakunin speaking to members of the International Workingmen's Association at the Basel Congress in 1869.

Back When a Socialist Was a Socialist

… Kennedy!”   When Republicans singled out Barack Obama’s income-tax proposal and labeled him a socialist during the recent presidential campaign, one astute commentator saw the fallacy in that charge. Referring to … evil. In the 2008 presidential contest, the progressive income tax became that evil.   Republicans need to tell us …
 Mapping the Nation: History and Cartography in Nineteenth-Century America, by Susan Schulten Book cover.

From Sea to Shining Sea

Review of Mapping the Nation: History and Cartography in Nineteenth-Century America, by Susan Schulten (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012)
… Spend a few minutes browsing news websites or blogs and you will see a barrage of infographics … Johann Georg Kohl, cartographer and geographer, to come to the United States where he worked for the Coast … of how and why this demand flourished. There is a companion website to the book, www.mappingthenation.com , which …
Bust of Harlan Fiske Stone, the 12th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Following Bad Precedents for Deciding Military Justice

… expanded legal jurisdiction of the United Nations. “Enemy combatants” captured in the “war on terrorism” are to be … War II. Japanese Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japan’s supreme commander in the Philippines, was tried for failing to … members of the Supreme Court were willing to take such an easy out. Dissenting Justices Frank Murphy and Wiley B. …
Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, leaving the country after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, 1922

The Long End of the Ottoman Empire

… Ottoman rule for centuries. The Balkan Wars saw atrocities committed against civilians on a massive scale. The … However, the overall impact of these conflicts paled in comparison to the  First World War .  The magnitude of death … Gingko Library, 2023 ) Hans-Lukas Kieser, When Democracy Died: The Middle East's Enduring Peace of Lausanne …
US propaganda leaflet used in Afghanistan, with bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri.

Fighting a Cold War Against Osama bin Laden

… today as American leaders assess Osama bin Laden’s latest communication. Bin Laden’s audio-taped message offered both … when bin Laden goes, as the Soviet Union did after Stalin died. Acheson had developed a plan based on long-range …
Entrance gate of Auschwitz Concentration Camp, "Work Sets You Free," 2013

At the Movies: “Canaries,” A Review of Denial

… of the sort espoused by Richard Rorty. The maneuver is a common one from the perspective of positivism. In The … monstrous infamy that is antisemitism. But it is useless, completely useless.” However, Lipstadt stops short of … Memory ( right ). I find this lamentable, because Lipstadt comes very close to finding the middle-ground solution …
Barack Obama in 2008

How Eloquence Has Paved the Way to the White House

… into the White House primarily because they were effective communicators. In recent weeks the public has heard a good … comments, too. Hillary Clinton joked that Obama's audiences expect to hear "celestial choirs" promising that … the doubts of many listeners among a tough New York audience. Words, above all, carried Lincoln to the nomination. …
marriage of Marguerite of Anjou and Henry VI in 1445

Power Behind the Throne: The Women of the War of the Roses

Review of Blood Sisters: The Women Behind the Wars of the Roses, by Sarah Gristwood (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… behind-the-scenes may have been as important to the outcome of events as the men’s on the battlefield. In Blood … makes good use of the fragmentary sources available to medieval scholars, transitioning smoothly between exposition … right ), and the passages in which Gristwood recreates medieval events are among the best in the book. Her evocative …
Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist

(Bicycle) Wheels of Change

Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s, by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
… cycling clubs were one type of group where cyclists could come together, but they were not merely for elites only. … (185) For every type of cyclist, there was a group that accommodated them and, though they disagreed over who should … this new, and quick, form of transportation. There were complaints of the recklessness of cyclists - fondly known as …
Exterior view of the Union Carbide pesticide factory in Bhopal, India,

The Bhopal Chemical Gas Disaster

… to be sacrificed on the altar of profit - we are flames, committed to conquering darkness, and we will continue the … in their homes nearby.  It is  estimated that 10,000 people died instantly. Survivor organizations estimated 23,000 … abandoned factory have seeped into the soil, water, and bodies of people living around the factory.  Multiple studies, …
John Quincy Adams.

WikiLeaks Reveals a Professionalism of Recent Vintage in the History of American Diplomacy

… he spent the majority of his time working as a de facto commercial agent for the wealthy New England merchant … skills, U.S. foreign agents' lack of language fluency could complicate matters. On the other side of the Atlantic, the … in part because he spoke fluent French, not Spanish.   The common language for most U.S. diplomats, however, was money. …
President Bill Clinton in 1999.

History of Sixth-Year Elections Bodes Well for Democrats

… 1994 provided Clinton and the Democrats with a particularly easy target over the next four years. It also enabled the … It has happened twice before in this century, and the comparisons are instructive for the current situation. In … but the subsequent fates of Hoover and Bush may not be so comforting for the longer run. Robert S. McElvaine, a writer …
typewriter

Between Black and White

The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations
… The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Between Black and White: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Betw-een Black and -white: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations Despite the … unabated until the I 930s. The program, which included subsidies for the transAtlantic voyage, was designed to solve the …
A drawing by Italian artist Achille Beltrame imagines Archduke Francis Ferdinand's assassination by Gavrilo Princip

The Assassin’s Shadow: The Beginning of World War I and the Legacy of Gavrilo Princip

On June 28, 1914, one event changed the world.
… was promptly arrested and imprisoned, where he would die of tuberculosis in 1918. But while the assassin’s fate … lives and change the face of the planet for generations to come. Gavrilo Princip Legend tells that shortly before his … II Yugoslavia, he came to embody the values of socialism, becoming a people’s hero of anti-imperialism who had liberated …
Cover of Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present by Christopher I. Beckwith.

Between the East and the West

Review of Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, by Christopher I. Beckwith (Princeton University Press 2009)
… separated peoples with the "Central Eurasian Cultural Complex." The crucial element of the Complex is the ruler … into the declining Roman empire. Beckwith describes medieval feudalism, characterized by the special status of the … book especially appealing to both general and academic audiences. He is at his best describing the Central Eurasian …
wind turbines

Energy Policy: How is the “Long Transition” from Fossil Fuels Doing?

… over the last four years.  The reasons for that are many, complex, and subject to change in the near and far future.  … Let’s remove one false idea right now:  Public subsidies support both carbon-based and alternative energy industries.  Subsidies for carbon-based fuels have been dropping , according …