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The remains of the crash of TWA Flight 5 in 1931 [Photo from the Kansas Historical Society]

Top Ten Origins: Aviation Disasters that Improved Safety

… body-scan. Airline passengers in the United States have come to expect these kinds of security measures as a … FAA is sometimes called a “tombstone agency”: change only comes after a death —and usually only after a large number … building and crashed into a nearby field, narrowly missing an orphanage. Twenty-nine of the 63 persons aboard died …

Colombia: On the Brink of Peace with the FARC?

… June 23, 2016, while most of the world was awaiting the outcome of the Brexit vote, another major historical event was … Colombia’s President Juan Manuel Santos and the supreme commander of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia … the War of a Thousand Days (1899-1902), various peasant uprisings in the 1920s and 1930s, and the infamous La Violencia …
Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout Book cover.

Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War

Review of Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout (New York: Viking, 2006)
… not to end slavery. But Stout explicitly avoids addressing the causes of the war or the morality of slavery. He … 24,000 casualties, yet religious leaders only became more committed to their crusades and more strident in their … In Stout's hands the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 becomes the tool of a "total war," a war brought home to …
American soldiers salute while in formation in 1977.

Time to Ask and Tell!

… because of stereotypes of effeminacy. Military men caught committing sodomy faced courts-martial. During World War II, … Anti-war groups even counseled young, straight men to become “hoaxosexuals” as a way of avoiding service. … and Farsi translators (dozens of whom have been discharged since 9/11), and the rising number of troops (73 percent in …
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… to act decisively, during World War I President Wilson took command of telegraph and telephone systems, issued executive … oil and gas refineries, chemical plants, crops, food-processing plants and livestock. Patriotic citizens assembled armed patrols to guard their communities. What is proposed now is a shadow of those …

The Kids Aren’t Alright: The Policymaking of Student Loan Policy

… to the cost saving measures of the FDLP, especially when compared to the money funneled to private banks through … few decades, the task of making school affordable has become an ever more important social and economic policy goal … a year for the past 70 years. The cost of attending college since World War II, in real terms, has nearly tripled. The …
Cover of With Our Backs to the Wall Victory and Defeat in 1918 by David Stevenson.

The End of the War as They Knew It

Review of With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918, by David Stevenson (Cambridge, M.A.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
… of 1918, then nuanced chapters examining the major combatants in technology, logistics, and intelligence, … class, and gender. Scholars and students of the war will welcome the statistical data about war production, finance, and … following acceptance of his Fourteen Points. Stevenson singles out Wilson's contribution to peace, noting "without …
A gay march in Minneapolis on June 30, 1973, the first in the country with the headline "Gay Pride".

Homosexuality and Prohibition

… protection for gays?  Perhaps the same impulse — the same combination of religious fervor and fear of social collapse … has been replaced by a crusade against demonized sex.  This comparison is not as far-fetched as it might seem. In a 1998 … life, and economic stagnation replaced moral decay as a pressing political issue.  Something similar may happen to …
marriage of Marguerite of Anjou and Henry VI in 1445

Power Behind the Throne: The Women of the War of the Roses

Review of Blood Sisters: The Women Behind the Wars of the Roses, by Sarah Gristwood (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… behind-the-scenes may have been as important to the outcome of events as the men’s on the battlefield. In Blood … and Yorks were descended from Edward III and therefore cousins to one another, which explains why participants called … is the temptation to make claims that, unless more sources come to light, historians cannot prove. For example, in …

Refugees or Immigrants? The Migration Crisis in Europe in Historical Perspective

… threaten the cultural makeup of Europe due to the alleged incompatibility of the Islamic faith of the majority of new … migrations can be more accurately described as ethnic cleansing and, in the case of the removal and ultimate … very well define the 21 st century. As globalization has become the rule, and as the West has generally benefitted …

Justice Denied: The Killing of Trayvon Martin in Historical Perspective

… Tallahassee hours earlier. Waiting for the verdict had become unbearable. On the charge of second-degree murder, the … was announced, Martin’s parents let their voices be heard. Using social media, they expressed their disappointment in the trial’s outcome, pain over the loss of their child, appreciation for …
1992 portrait of General Wesley K. Clark.

Wesley Clark: In the Tradition of Generals Who Make Peace

… officers as presidential contenders. Generals who have become president (there were ten, six of them notable as commanders) have usually succeeded by presenting themselves … of America’s global leadership role. Whether Clark sinks or soars on the campaign trail will hinge on many …
People holding signs: "More Mental Health Care + Less Jail Time" and "Support Mental Health - It's the Right Thing to Do"

Mental Health and American Society

… Jessica Vinas-Nelson   Welcome to History Talk the podcast that brings together a … American attention to mental health, and examining the shortcomings and successes of the mental health system. It seems … hospitals. So there were systems of community care. Every single community in the colonies in colonial America had the …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the Friendship Bridge from the Afghan … bitter engagement because in the context of the Cold War, losing Afghanistan, in the words of the Soviet foreign …
The University of Algiers, ca. 1920.

The University of Algiers Library Bombing

… of thousands of books, periodicals, and manuscripts had become fuel for the flames.  Newspapers around the world … independence to take place in France and Algeria in the coming months.  It was in opposition to France’s decision to … of almost 500 cultural sites, including 18 libraries, since Russia’s invasion in February 2022. Such attacks …
Cover of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire by Taner Akçam

The Crime That Dare Not Speak Its Name

Review of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire, by Taner Akçam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… to produce genocide. These include the Young Turks' intense commitment to the homogenization of Anatolia (a development … on the role of religion, not simply ethnicity, as a major component in the homogenization policies of the Committee of … of 1916, the Ottomans waged a campaign of ethnic cleansing designed to rid northern Syria of the Armenians. On the …
The coat of arms of the Republic of Texas from the 19th century.

The Real Republic of Texas

… cougars, and rattlesnakes. If he hasn’t been rescued by his compatriots, the Texas Department of Public Safety and the … in 1846 — under unusual circumstances, to be sure. To overcome abolitionist objections, President John Tyler resorted to a joint resolution of Congress. Since the Constitution provides no correct way to annex …
Mr. Professor by Joan Carlsson, Flickr, CC BY-NC 2.0

Needed: A New Deal for Academics

… on faculty hires. Suddenly, new Ph.D.s found themselves competing with a hundred or even a thousand other candidates for a single job. One can see these despondent souls at any academic conference, squirming uncomfortably in their suits and waiting — always waiting for …
Illustration from Otto of Freising’s twelfth-century chronicle, which depicts Henry IV and Clement III presiding in Rome in 1084, and Gregory VII’s flight from the city and subsequent death in Salerno in 1085.

The Investiture Controversy

… Gregory VII chastised Henry IV’s association with excommunicated advisers and his appointment of three Italian … He demanded obedience to the papacy and threatened excommunication otherwise.  Gregory VII’s admonition ignited, … the German king and the pope that had been simmering since Gregory VII’s election in 1073.  Henry IV clung to a …
Imperial and Global Forum Logo

Best in History Online: Imperial & Global Forum

… For November, our Best in History Online is focusing on a blog of eminent imperial historians at the … of the University’s eminent imperial historians. It comprises of one of the largest groups of imperial and …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … of government of other countries. Things have changed a lot since then, but their arguments astutely canvass how best to … one member said, should have nothing to do “with the wrongs committed by other Governments against those whom they …
Woodrow Wilson in 1911.

The Peril of Absolute Power

… may be capable of much good, Acton worried that possessing too much power would tempt us to do wrong. And it has. … of “a general association of nations,” what would become the League of Nations, to adjudicate international … Cold War — but only recently have we abandoned a broader commitment to a world governed by law instead of force. …