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With running mate Paul Ryan in Norfolk, Virginia, during the vice presidential selection announcement on August 11, 2012

Vice Presidential Nominees Must Be Plausible As President

… or on appealing to independents? Some of those factors may come into play, yet the recent history of vice-presidential … selection suggests that the key requirement for a running mate is whether he or she is presidential.   … presidential candidates from both parties have almost always chosen running mates who would be plausible as …
Cartoonist Clifford Berryman depicts Uncle Sam after a hard-won U.S. victory in Santiago Bay, Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

What Happened When We Stayed the Course in Cuba

… and weakness fails. In a recent speech to the Veterans of Foreign Wars, Bush said that history provides "lessons … remain determined, said Bush; if we waiver, Iraq will become another Vietnam. No one should be surprised that Bush … democracy, however. Instead, they helped to prepare the way for dictatorship, revolution and anti-Americanism. …
A French Quarter Pontalba Row building.

A Postcard from New Orleans, Louisiana

… about a block north of New Orleans’s famed French Quarter. Completely walled in, the cemetery is unwelcoming. The Roman … However, licensed tour guides of St. Louis No. 1 are always happy to show tourists the alleged tomb of Marie … the victims of the slave trade. Whitney tour guides escort visitors through the grounds of this once-profitable sugar …
An insurance form with pills.

“Hands off My Medicare”: The Deadly Legacy of Social Insurance

… it’s an assumption that’s going to doom health care reform. This “social insurance” system is organized around … other words, more like a toll road than a public right-of-way. The on-ramp to that toll road is a “covered job,” the … as the old age pension program), became untouchable. Their commitments were sacred. Their recipients were unequivocally …
Soldiers marching at the Champs Elysee

Recovering the History of the French Far-Right

Review of Assassination in Vichy: Marx Dormoy and the Struggle for the Soul of France , by Gayle K. Brunelle and Annette Finley-Croswhite (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020)
… roof off of room #19 and ending the life of Marx Dormoy, former French Minister of the Interior and staunch opponent … hardly in question. The mystery was how high the plot went. Commissioner Charles Chenevier and Superintendent Georges … to this) and, for a story whose denouement is in some ways a foregone conclusion, it provides satisfactory twists …
The Course of Empire: Destruction, Painted by Thomas Cole, depicts a highly dramatic, catastrophic image of Rome's end.

Political Economy in the Late Roman Empire

Review of The Tragedy of Empire: From Constantine to The Destruction of Roman Italy, by Michael Kulikowski (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2019)
… really was catastrophic. This is perhaps a useful context for understanding Pennsylvania State University historian … highly dramatic, catastrophic image of Rome's end. In many ways, this book is very traditional: it presents the … in church politics, while Julian flounders after becoming augustus and Jovian emerged as the first “compromise …
An image showing slaves working on a plantation on the island of Antigua in the early 1800s.

After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807

Review of After Abolition: Britain and the Slave Trade Since 1807, by Marika Sherwood (I.B. Tauris, 2007)
… slave trade. While the anniversary passed without too much comment in the United States, it was commemorated widely in … the Americas. Finally in 1807, thanks to the impassioned efforts of the Anti-Slavery Society, the British Parliament … The Act of 1807 had made it illegal for British subjects to buy or sell slaves, or otherwise be involved in the trade. …

Hacer América and the American Dream: Global Migration and the Americas

… while other jurisdictions declared these children unwelcome. A U.S. Border Patrol poster placed around the border … Mexico. It translates: "I thought that it would be easy for my son to get papers [e.g. legal status/work rights] in … A large share of current and past migrants found their way to the United States, long a destination for the …
Demonstrators in steadily falling snow outside of the Wisconsin Capitol building.

Wisconsin: A History of Leading the Nation for Better or Worse

… the little girl with the curl right in the middle of her forehead:  When it's good it's very, very good, and when … power and with pampering their members at the cost of the common good. Union leaders, however, have offered to make … need for shared sacrifice.  They point out that stripping away their organizations' collective bargaining rights will …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … who must hold the family together with her husband away,; and his kindly and mischievous elderly “auntie,” Indir … deliberation on the reality of urban India, To Let won the best Tamil film award at the 65th Indian national film …
Pancho Villa and followers.

Mexico’s Great Transition

… This Friday, December 1st, for the first time since Mexico's modern revolution in … defeat and fearing the end of "good government," would give way peacefully. After all, never before in the world had a … taking power.  What ought to be changes of government become changes of regime. Putsches and revolutions substitute …
An art exhibition, probably in Moscow in 1964. Taken by Thomas T. Hammond during his travels in the Soviet Union.

When the Soviets Domesticated the West

Review of To See Paris and Die: The Soviet Lives of Western Culture, by Eleonory Gilburd (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… such as Erich Remarque, J. D. Salinger, and Ernest Hemingway in new Russian translations and interpretations. To See … from viewers and readers and more than 6,000 entries in comment books from exhibitions—Gilburd gives voice to Soviet … "Foreign Literature" which published foreign authors. Visitors to the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts “queued for five …

How Public and Private Enterprise Have Built American Infrastructure

… After a mid-20 th -century spending spree on America’s highways, railways, waterways and harbors, and airlines, … ongoing capital campaign. Workers survey the damage after a commuter train crashed into a passenger car near Valhalla, … with transportation infrastructures, to enable people to buy and receive products from anywhere in the world at any …

Human Rights at a Crossroads

… September 2018, President Donald Trump delivered a speech before the United Nations General Assembly. Humanitarian … U.S. soldiers just as they were returning from overseas combat ( left ). The opening session of the League of … Council. The creation of the Security Council was one way to assuage these concerns. Fifteen nations sit on the …

Clampdown and Blowback: How State Repression Has Radicalized Islamist Groups in Egypt

… about a year ago, just after al-Sisi and the Egyptian army forcibly overthrew Mohamed Morsi, then the first … that the man’s predictions for the future of Egypt may be coming true. Since the coup that ousted Morsi, the Egyptian … at the core of global jihadism, even if there was no way for Qutb at the time of writing to anticipate this …

'The World's Worst Humanitarian Crisis': Understanding the Darfur Conflict

… called it "genocide." The violence and destruction is often compared to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. These tragic events … northern part of Darfur is a desert that extends all the way to the Egyptian and Libyan borders. Crop farming is the … them against others. The use of this tactic in Darfur was best exemplified by the creation of the infamous Janjawid, …
Aerial view of Hiroshima before the bombing

Bombing Hiroshima

… and demonstrate for peace. This historic torii welcomes visitors to Istukushima Shrine which is both a UNESCO "World … weapons and peace. Gracing one of Tokyo's largest subway stations (Shibuya Station), this mural "The Myth of Tomorrow" presents a …
Cover of Health, Healing and Illness in African History by Rebekah Lee.

Africa's Medical History Revealed

Review of Health, Healing and Illness in African History, by Rebekah Lee (London: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2021)
… diseases including tuberculosis, silicosis and asbestosis. However, the focus of the book is not merely on … of actors, including African patients themselves, families, communities, traditional healers, healthcare workers, and … sweep and broad geographic reach of this book allow for a consideration of larger dynamics and patterns over …
President George Bush signing deregulation papers with gas company employees looking on

Texas, Enron, and Energy Monopolies

… least some of the blame can go to the now-disgraced energy company, Enron, and its misuse of long-held American … slight of hand that ruined the company in 2001. But before that point, both Ken Lay and Enron were at the vanguard … we should remember Enron’s role and the problematic ways that companies can use words like “monopoly” to pursue …
The historic Floyd County Courthouse in Rome, Georgia.

Marcus Dixon or Strom Thurmond: Which Is the Predator?

… to prosecute adult molesters of small children, had never before been applied to teenagers less than three years apart … Dixon a predator. Thurmond’s hush money cleared the way for the senator’s notable political career. Dixon, who … husband when he was nine) declared that her son “may have committed a sin, but never committed a crime,” she …
President George W. Bush in 2004.

When the Axis Was Truly Evil

… world. To many, Bush’s phrase appears to be a trial balloon for a much bigger war in the name of fighting international … peace than Bush’s “axis of evil.” The president’s comments have led to denunciations from the three nations he … II and this new “axis of evil” suggests that they are in no way comparable. The Italian Fascist dictator, Benito …

History, Memory, and the Art of Protest in Belarus

… Sweden, larger than the three Baltic republics (PDF File) combined, and larger than Austria. It would be the 11 th … or just over one-quarter of the population perished (by way of comparison, approximately 1.3 million Americans have … As to the project that involves the pun, Rufina puts it best: “This is what my people are doing, they are …