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2nd Battalion, 7th Marines packing up gear to withdraw from Al-Taqaddum Air Base, 24 March 2020.

Vietnam and Iraq: The Benefits of Getting Out

… Vietnam analogy is not so much the difficulty of drawing comparisons between two different situations. The problem is … winnable. Just as important, the conflict had created deep divisions within the United States and led to the breakdown … ended that most Americans could look past the bloodshed and divisions caused by the conflict and begin to move toward …

Charles Darwin’s American Adventure: A Melodrama in Three Acts

… 2009, with events sponsored by national and state "Lincoln Commissions," and because of the remarkable presidential … like a badge of honor. So now that the Darwin Year has come to a close, I want to review the difficult reception … exhibits a certain degree of variation, he proposed that competition over resources and breeding would tend to favor, …
"Mauerspecht" [Wall Pecker] 1989

“Remember, Remember the 9th of November”: The Fall of the Berlin Wall

… th century—the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of communism throughout Eastern Europe . The opening of the … Wall Memorial that preserves the memory of Berlin’s tragic division ( pictured left, the wall inscribed into the urban … had to cope with lingering psychological and socioeconomic divisions between East and West Germans. And, there is an …
The White House lit in green light for St. Patrick's Day.

9/11 and 3/17: Closer Than You Think

… pluralist implication of the St. Patrick's Day parades becomes more apparent as we look at the events held in cities … this ideal, but it's important to recognize how far we have come.   So when this weekend's St. Patrick's Day parades pay …
Seal of New York State.

George W. Bush and Indian Land Claims

… so doing he has tilted against the Constitution.  During a visit to Syracuse, N.Y., late in October, Bush claimed that “state law reigns supreme when it comes to Indians, whether it be gambling or any other … a difficult issue, rather than engaging in the politics of division. That, after all, is what courageous leadership is …
General Edmund Allenby entering Jerusalem on December 11, 1917. Allenby dismounted as a sign of respect for the holy city.

The Collapse of Ottoman Power

Review of The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, by Eugene Rogan (New York: Basic Books, 2015)
… of battleships that together constituted the Mediterranean division of the German Imperial Navy—opened fire on a … of two Russian ships by a German taskforce under the command of a German admiral improbably marked the entry of … and destroyed an exhausted and overextended Anglo-Indian division under the command of Major-General Charles …
President Gerald Ford in 1975.

The Forgotten Virtues of Gerald Ford

… W. Bush — spanning almost 12 years — has exacerbated the divisions among Americans. Gerald Ford did the opposite when … he appeared before a joint session of Congress and pledged “communication, conciliation, compromise, and cooperation” with legislators, adding, “I do …
One of Havana's plazas without a church.

A Postcard From Havana, Cuba

… of Florida, yet American citizens have been restricted from visiting the island for generations. Morro Castle, the … the American imagination. America’s fixation on Cuba’s Communist government has led to many regrettable results: … off from any new American products. The Kennedys no longer visited the Tropicana, the 1950s Ford Fairlane would be one …
A traditional glass of Weissbier

Keeping Beer “Pure”: The 1516 Reinheitsgebot

… the price of beer per Maß (a Bavarian liter) and to limit competition for cereal grains used to bake bread. A … or Hefeweizen ) survived in spite of the ban on wheat in commercial and private production. The Duke of Wittelsbach, … in the new German Weimar Republic . After the 1949 division of Germany into East and West states, it continued …
Malawi

A Postcard from Livingstonia, Malawi

… Livingstonia in honor of his mentor. The Gordon Road People visiting Livingstonia travel on the Gordon Road, named after … to drive. During the rainy season, the road's stones become very slippery, making transportation difficult. The … a good number of nurses are Malawians, with only few visiting doctors from abroad. Since DGMH is a small …
Coach Bob Knight holding a chair

Bob Knight: A Latter-Day MacArthur?

… rash act against a national celebrity. Meanwhile, Knight complained that he was a victim of changing expectations … trustee critical of Brand's action invoked a pointed comparison: "President Truman fired General MacArthur.  … "his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty." He visited New York City, where 7.5 million people gathered to …
Protestors against the U.S. Trump administration voice their commitment to the world's dispossessed.

The Politics of Refugee Aid in America’s “Short Century”

Review of Benevolent Empire: U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World's Dispossessed , by Stephen R. Porter Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017.
… U.S. Power, Humanitarianism, and the World’s Dispossessed comes at a time that many observers of U.S. domestic … has had a murky, even “schizophrenic,” view of its commitment to the world’s dispossessed. Although the United … circumstances, wishing to return home. Eleanor Roosevelt visits Hungarian Freedom Fighters in Salzburg, Austria, …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… the course of Christianity and western civilization. Commemorative Playmobil figure of Martin Luther. But to stop … from the Holy Roman Emperor. Map illustrating the political division of Europe in 1519. The confluence of this situation … moral people than the Catholic Spaniards. These Christian divisions shaped arguments supporting slavery and also, …
Cover of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend by Richard Stoneman.

Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend

Review of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend, by Richard Stoneman (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2008)
… birth narrative takes a markedly different approach. It comes to us via Firdausi's Shahnameh (Book of Kings), … Persia. The Jewish and Arabic traditions relate Alexander's visit to Jerusalem and his founding of cities. In the Jewish … by swearing to obey Jehovah. Yet the story of Alexander's visit to Jerusalem is certainly fiction, and he did not at …
The Temple of Kukulkan at Chichén Itzá.

A Postcard From Chichén Itzá

… Itzá, one of the central and sacred sites of the empire, visitors can both see and hear representations of two … Site. It stands as a vast historical source that enables visitors to glimpse the spiritual world, the scientific … Indigenous Communities …
 Cover of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire by Steven Bryan.

All that Glitters Is Not Laissez-Faire

Review of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire, by Steven Bryan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)
… Until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, the combination of new technology with the "classically liberal" … the years before World War I was most remarkable for combining expanding trade, growth, and industrialization … of state power oriented toward global military and economic competition.  Until 1873, when a newly united Germany …

Trade Wars: The Collapse of America's Free Trade Consensus

… Trump held up Carrier, an air conditioning and heating company, as a symbol of the plight of American … by free trade deals that hurt American workers. The company had planned to close an Indiana plant that makes … Trans-Pacific Partnership ahead of President Barack Obama’s visit to the state for a fundraiser. The figures depicted …
Queen Elizabeth I in Parliament

The Pandora’s Box of Religious Pluralism in the English Reformation

Review of Heretics and Believers: A Short History of the English Reformation, by Peter Marshall New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017
… and religious images get out of hand: ‘he must be for all companies, and all men’s money.’” To the lay and scholastics … 16th century. In Part Two, Marshall continues to explicate divisions within the English Church that began with the … the Reformation under Henry VIII required “pluralism and division,” and this “opened a Pandora’s Box of plurality” of …

The Road to Same-Sex Marriage: Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and the American Family

… of Lesbians and Gays Everywhere—organizations that had come out of gay-father activism of the 1980s—wrote a brief … from their ex-spouses in order to keep their children or visitation rights. There were still dangers involved in … courts, judges’ rationale for denying custody and even visitation rights to lesbian mothers and gay fathers was …
a Galapagos sea turtle swimming in the ocean

What’s “Natural” on the Galapagos Islands?

The youngest, westernmost islands are still volcanically active and are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old.
… devoid of animal or plant life. This initial isolation, combined with its location at the confluence of three … that strikes me with wonder.” Even before Darwin’s visit, however, human beings had begun to shape the … as many as 200,000 tortoises may have been killed. On his visit, Darwin reported that two or three hundred people …
Legislative members are seen exhausted while listening to lengthy testimony during floor action on the articles for impeachment of judge Sam Smith.

The Poisonous Cry for Judicial Impeachment

… that “judicious conduct,” in the best sense of those words, comes from judges insulated from popular emotions. The … has occurred when, and only when, judicial peers recommended a judge’s removal. What DeLay and the others … By contrast, DeLay’s proposal would stir bitter partisan division and increase the rancor of American politics. …
Taiwanese flags on display for National Day, 2018.

The Taiwan Strait Conflict

… put the entire  global economy in disarray and for years to come. Estimates of possible losses differ, but they are in … of China (ROC) that had been wrecked by decades of internal divisions, foreign incursions, and social upheavals.  The … The split opened the door for Richard Nixon’s historic visit to the PRC in late February 1972, a trip facilitated …