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The flag of the United Nations

America’s Intervention Predicament

… through the veto or some other device, such a force could become the rogue force the U.N. founders feared. But our … of major human rights violations, and which could not become an international troublemaker. Not an easy challenge.  …

Where have you gone, Holden Caulfield? Why We Aren’t ‘Alienated’ Anymore

… Over the last year, we have come to know a good deal about Umar Farouk Abdul Mutallab. … even passively take part, and you've got to put your bodies upon the gears and upon the wheels, upon the levers, . … have masked more than they've cured. There is a pronounced superficiality about so much of our high-tech consumption …
A Mobil gas station in 1982.

A Case for Gasoline Price Controls

… successfully cut back many consumer prices. Bush frequently compares the war in Iraq to World War II. Last month, at a ceremony commemorating the 60th anniversary of the end of World War … the Gulf Coast, the price of gasoline skyrocketed. The oil companies Citgo, Mobil and Marathon all increased their …
The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine.

Rus not Russia

… through a specious reading of history beginning with the medieval period and moving through the Soviet Union’s … that Ukraine “belongs” to the modern Russian state. Medieval history is popular when it is turned into shows such … not acknowledge. Rusian pilgrims travelled to Santiago de Compostela in northern Iberia, as we see from the …
The Tower of David in the Old City of Jerusalem.

A Peace Plan That May Be Worse Than War

… In preparation for hosting an upcoming summit of Arab heads of state, Saudi Arabian Crown … it has never been taken off the table. The proposal is commendable for its novelty. For the first time, the Saudis … to the pre-1967 borders, the Saudis’ territorial “remedies” exceed the nearly universally accepted parameters of …
Women from Guadalupe photographed at Ellis Island on their way to Montreal to take on domestic positions, April 6th , 1911.

Black Canadians and Pandemics

… It is possible that in choosing to volunteer in the Black community, Francis was aware of its marginalization. Being … Evening News headline for October 26, 1918 in Halifax. Studies of pandemics have repeatedly illustrated the … Montreal, and Halifax. Approximately 55,000 Canadians died. The number of Black Canadians is unknown, a fact that …
John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams: An Example for Our Times

… that history is now more viewed than read. The film’s audiences, however, should also remember that Adams’s defense … all, to effect mental, moral, and national improvement. Commitment to improvement of self and nation motivated … Adams fought the gag rule unsparingly through a brilliant combination of nimble eloquence, parliamentary skill, and …
People celebrating anniversary of the revolution in Mashhad in 2014.

Iran: Still Struggling toward Self-Determination

… even at the risk of confrontation with the international community. In persuading the Iranian government to be more … War, the United States believed that it faced the threat of communist expansion in the developing world. Iran looked … Director Allen Dulles, feared that Iran would soon fall to communism as China had, four years earlier. Having all the …
An official portrait of Vice President Dick Cheney taken in 2005

Cheney: Silent Partner to the President

… conceived.” Under Cheney, the vice presidency has become an extension of the presidency itself. Adams was not … Bush has great respect for Cheney’s ability to accomplish common goals without drawing attention to himself. The …
Drawing/wood engraving of the state capitol of Illinois at Springfield.

Can Illinois Again Lead by (Bad) Example?

… the honor. By the 19th century’s end, the U.S. Senate had become widely known, as it still is today, as a “millionaires … The Senate itself, however, had consistently refused to comply.   Frustrated by Senate inaction and persistent … Senate vacancies without a popular vote would be a welcome start.   A more substantial consequence of revisiting …
book cover - Helmut Walser Smith, The Butcher’s Tale: Murder and Anti-Semitism in a German Town

Top Ten Origins: Summer 2019 Must Reads

… The perfect companion to nearly any summer activity is a good book. And, … present. 3. David Olusoga, The World’s War: Forgotten Soldiers of Empire , Head of Zeus, 2014.  Reminding us that the … to show how American innovations such as chain stores, supermarkets, brand-advertising, and Hollywood were adapted …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at a press conference in 1964.

Martin Luther King’s True Legacy: Revolutionary Ideals

… civil rights workers intentionally created national discomfort in cities, north as well as south, throughout the 1960s. Holding true to his principles is what compelled him to take a deeply reflective antiwar stance in … that most of the American public, either because of fear or complacency, accepted the forms of inequalities that had …
President Bill Clinton in 1999.

History of Sixth-Year Elections Bodes Well for Democrats

… It has happened twice before in this century, and the comparisons are instructive for the current situation. In … but the subsequent fates of Hoover and Bush may not be so comforting for the longer run. Robert S. McElvaine, a writer …
2013 St. Patrick's Day parade in Wappingers Falls, New York.

The Wearing of the Rainbow

… place in colonial New York City (by regiments of Irish soldiers in the British Army). But it was in the mid-19th … this ideal, but it's important to recognize how far we've come. It's in this sense that the St. Patrick's Day parade … experience in America. From the very beginning it has embodied the spirit of tolerance and inclusion that has helped …
The Alcoholics Anonymous logo at a church. (Image by Rachel K)

A Brief History of Alcoholics Anonymous

… Jung.  Jung suggested that alcoholism might only be overcome through a profound spiritual experience. Following … alcohol including Edwin “Ebby” Thatcher, a former drinking companion of Bill Wilson.  Thatcher achieved sobriety and … several recent rigorous reviews have found that AA is superior to many other treatments in its ability to increase …
Patrick Henry Addressing the Virginia Assembly. Lithograph from the painting by A. Chappal. Engraved by H. B. Hall.

A Time to Listen

… for Independence. "Liberty or Death" exemplifies the do-or-die attitude. Surprisingly, Patrick Henry's conduct when he … to 79. Had Henry chosen to fight, Mason's fears might have come true. The infant nation was fragile. In Massachusetts, …
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her investiture ceremony, October 1, 2010.

How Empathy Makes Superior Judges – and Justice

… Obama when he suggested that empathy was an important ingredient in a justice. In fact, the president was simply … to the Supreme Court.   T.R. recognized that those who become judges invariably have had close association with … which he has not drawn his clients.”   If anything, Obama’s comment was more neutral than Roosevelt’s. Roosevelt twice …
One of Havana's plazas without a church.

A Postcard From Havana, Cuba

… the American imagination. America’s fixation on Cuba’s Communist government has led to many regrettable results: … by a domino-theory fear that tiny Cuba would bring about communist revolutions throughout the hemisphere. It wasn’t … received support from the U.S. as a bulwark against communism. Hotel Ambos Mundos, where Ernest Hemingway lived …
President Obama and McChrystal in the Oval Office in May 2009.

The Presidents and the McGenerals

… The furor over comments made by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and his aides to a … — are limited.   Yet many Americans still expect our soldiers not only to hunt down the enemies of the United States … product of long-standing ambivalence. On the one hand, soldiering is among the most honored professions, certainly far …
Abraham Lincoln Campaign Poster 1860

"Great God, What does it Mean?" - Lee's Escape at Williamsport

… history is the Battle of Gettysburg. While many will commemorate the battle itself, the decision not to press … and gravel roads in makeshift wagons, begged to be left to die. Cavalry guarded Lee’s precious supplies as the army, in … the conservative clique, fumed later that “The national soldiers … wished with a united voice to be led to the work of …
An engraving of Earl Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington during the American Revolution.

Hollywood’s American Revolution

… British regulars being routed by American Continental soldiers and a band of South Carolina militiamen led by … United States in Vietnam two centuries later, Britain, the superpower of its day, was humiliated by what the on-screen … fire until ranks are broken and desperate hand-to-hand combat ensues. These scenes, realistic and at times surreal, …
French troops under Charles VIII entering Florence, 1494.

The Blood Behind the Beauty

Review of The Beauty and the Terror: The Italian Renaissance and the Rise of the West, by Catherine Fletcher (New York City: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… Brutal violence is not typically the first thing that comes to mind when observing the artwork of the … Renaissance’s greatest masters. For many, this art has become synonymous with the beginning of a new era and the … uncommon for military men (whether they be common foot soldiers or officers) to record their own impressions and …
The flag of the World Health Organization, founded in 1948, flies over the WHO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

Tuberculosis and the Optimism of Biomedicine

… DDT were among the most important. But without the will and commitment on the part of governments, health care … By making formerly sick people well they could then become productive citizens. They would learn the benefits of … experts had this to say in 1995: “Consistently, the world community has failed even to implement those effective and …