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Soviet Union soldier holding a Soviet flag in the air

Stalingrad: The Turning Point of WWII in Europe

In August 1942, the most famous battle of the Second World War began.
… More than four million combatants fought in the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad between the Nazi and … than Americans in the entire war. But by February 2, 1943, when the Germans trapped in the city surrendered, it was clear that the momentum on the Eastern Front had …
 A depiction of the burning of Louisa Mabree, a French midwife and convicted witch, in a cage filled with black cats

The Rise of Freethinkers

Review of The Decline of Magic: Britain in the Enlightenment , by Michael Hunter (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020)
The early modern period in Britain conjures up images of … decline of magic. Belief in magic and magical occurrences was commonplace before the Reformation and persisted long … explain the relationship between God and the natural world. When the Reformation changed this structured societal order, …
Paratroopers of teh 2nd RPC firing a 106 mm SR recoilless gun at an Egyptian resistance point on an Egyptian resistance point in Port Said

The Suez Crisis (1956)

In July 1956, the international order was disrupted by the Suez Crisis, a complicated imbroglio marked by the intersection of European decolonization, the Arab-Israeli conflict, the Cold War, and the growth of U.S. power.
A vigil for increasing mental health care at Cook County Jail in 2014 (photo credit: Sarah-Ji).

Evolution of the Treatment of Mental Illness

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
Science & Technology
… This lesson plan deals with the evolution of the treatment of mental illness and … disorders. The Origins article that I chose to use was an article the discussed the mental health system in the … sources to formulate an argument to answer the question “When treating mental illness, is it better to focus on …
Emperor Nero

The Ancient Roman Origins of Government Disaster Response

After a devasting fire in Rome in 64 CE, Emperor Nero successfully rebuilt the city.
When we reflect on the history of government response to natural disasters such … volcanic eruptions, and now Covid-19, we discover that the expectation that central governments should play a role … in recovering from such disasters can be traced back to the actions of three Roman emperors of the 1st century: …
photos of people who died during Rwandan genocide

The Extermination of a Nation: The Genocide in Rwanda

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
War & Peace
… This lesson plan focuses on the genocide in Rwanda that occurred in 1994 when the Hutu government targeted the Tutsi population and Hutu … The Extermination of a Nation: The Genocide in Rwanda …
the planet Mars

Mariner 9: Our 1st Steps to Mars

The Mariner 9 exploration of Mars was a good demonstration of how science and technology literally open new worlds for discovery.
When we think about Martian explorers today, we mostly hear about two rovers that trawl small zones of the planet: the Opportunity rover that exceeded a marathon's distance in … The Mariner 9 exploration of Mars was a good demonstration of how science and technology …
A portrait of Slobodan Milosevic

Glory and the New World Order

… Slobodan Milosevic is one of the demon princes of the modern American imagination. Like … rationally. They rarely want to provoke the United States. When they do it is incidental to their main purpose. What … best known exponent of this kind of egomaniacal monarchy was Louis XIV of France. For five decades in the late 17th …
Grover Cleveland-Benjamin Harrison presidential (1888) campaign poster about the trade policy of the two candidates

Reform: The Long-Term Winner in Close Elections

When the Electoral College picks a president who lost the popular … doubt on the legitimacy of the winner and the way that he was chosen. The last time the Electoral College's action … main economic change of their time. In the late 1800s, it was the shift in power from small entrepreneurs to large …
Northern Alliance Troops in Afghanistan in 2001.

Why Afghanistan Will Not Be a Quagmire

The United States has sent special forces, along with … situation in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, when Afghanistan met with success and the United States met … isolate Afghanistan and cut off its supplies. Afghanistan was not isolated in its earlier wars. Nor could the United …
Statue of Samuel J. Tilden in New York City.

Presidential Electoral Controversy Nothing New in Florida

… Here we go again.  Florida is at the center of yet another presidential electoral … issues, the attention of the nation turned south. The story was much the same in 1876, when Florida was one of three states submitting conflicting … Matthew Redinger …
1917 Socialist-Realist worker image

The October Revolution in Russia

Bolshevik Red Guards took control of the Russian capital from the provisional government October 1917.
… years ago, in wartime Petrograd, Russian radicals known as the Bolsheviks carried out “the Great October Socialist Revolution.”  Written by David L. Hoffmann. … Bolshevik Red Guards took control of the Russian capital from the provisional government October 1917. …
Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol

Six Days That Shook The World

Review of The Six Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East, by Guy Laron (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
When Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping in May 1967 and … “Egypt’s Vietnam.” Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol, who was pushed from all sides to implement a preventative strike … regimes in an uneasy coalition against Israel in 1967 was the general realization of Israel’s military superiority …
On the first day of the uprising, protesters assembled around the fountain outside the Jeollanam-do Provincial Office, a site that would become central to the struggle against military oppression. Courtesy of the 5.18 Foundation.

Gwangju Isn’t Over

… recognized as a center of civil resistance since May 1980, when a brutal military crackdown targeted citizens … suppression ultimately came to be known as May 18, or the Gwangju Uprising.  During South Korea’s democratic … in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, Gwangju was officially designated as the nation’s “sacred space of …
UN forces crossing the 38th Parallel in 1950.

Why We Need to Rearm Iraq

… Despite what media coverage is leading the American public to believe, returning control of civil … if we fail to do it now, we’ll pay far more in the future. When the United States occupied Iraq last year, it disbanded … the Iraqi army. But U.S. officials soon recognized this was a mistake and now believe that some sort of Iraqi …