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Close-up of the mural commemorating works of A.J. Muste on the War Resisters League Building in New York, New York.

"There Is No Way to Peace, Peace Is the Way": A.J. Muste and American Radical Pacifism

Review of American Gandhi: A.J. Muste and the History of Radicalism in the Twentieth Century, by Leilah Danielson (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014)
… sat down to write his autobiography. Had he finished it, the book undoubtedly would have been filled with the friends … Christian pacifism. But he never finished the book. Muste was a busy man, and there was always a world that needed redeeming. When he died ten years later, scores of mourners, from New …
Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Joseph-Siffred Duplessis.

Apologizing for Slavery

… Last spring, when President Clinton raised the question of whether the United States should formally … be a blockbuster. Why the idea of a slave memorial on the Washington Mall is becoming more popular. And why the
Storming the Bastille

Storming the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

… More than any other event of the eighteenth century, the French Revolution, … it became a model of revolutionary political change that was followed throughout the world from Europe, to Haiti , … , Russia , and East Asia . And it all began one July day when the people of Paris captured a fourteenth-century …
Genoa Park along the west bank of the Scioto River in Columbus, Ohio, United States

12/29/2014: Cities of the Future

… Origins editor and author Steven Conn talk about cities of the past and the future on WOSU's All Sides with Ann Fisher .     "In 2009 we saw a 'first' on Earth. That’s when the scales tipped, and more people lived in urban than …
The flag of the United Nations

America’s Intervention Predicament

The presidential campaign has begun to sharpen debate about … or national security. Such interventions began in 1992 when the United States sent a military mission to Somalia. … and sometimes from foreign governments build steadily until Washington feels it has to act.  But there is an alternative …
U.S. General James Van Fleet and Greek War Minister Kanellopoulos walking between lines of soldiers on the island of Makronissos during the Greek Civil War

The Greek Civil War, 1946–1949

The years 1940–1949 were ones of continuous horror for the Greek people.
When the Second World War (WWII) ended in 1945 and the rest of Europe was beginning to rebuild itself, Greece entered into a …
Portrait of Francisco Franco in 1964 from Biblioteca Virtual de Defensa

The Death of Franco

… Spanish General Francisco Franco died in bed, signaling the unceremonious end of one of Europe’s longest … the Valley of the Fallen is a mass burial site that was designed to commemorate the Spanish Civil War … of Francoism. The Spanish Civil War began on 18 July 1936 when General Franco and other Spanish officers from the
The 2011 edition of Austin Pride.

Gay Rights: Separate but Equal?

When the Supreme Court ruled recently in Lawrence v. Texas that … But is this a valid comparison? The Brown ruling of 1954 was one of the truly great Supreme Court decisions of the … blacks and whites. By the time of the Brown decision, it was obvious that separate accommodations for blacks were …
Isaac W. Williams (front) in a file photo from the 1960s.

Still Fighting the Civil War in South Carolina

…  Confederate enthusiasts are throwing a grand ball there to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the state's … civil war, one that has raged in Charleston since 1865.   When the city fell to the Union army that year, local … of ridicule and defacement.  Even after the original statue was replaced by a second, which stood atop an enormous …
President Harry Truman in 1945.

Can This Election Produce Another Hundred Days?

… years ago this month, Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency amid mass unemployment, a collapsing bank … kind of majorities that Franklin Roosevelt depended upon when he won approval of the Securities and Exchange … corporations and wealthy Americans. A national debt that was a trillion dollars in 1981 exceeds ten trillion today. …
An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… Quentin Morton’s Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East , serves as a concise, easy-to-read … beginning with European exploration up to 1971, when all Middle Eastern states had obtained independence. … a more disparaging social structure. The oil industry was one in which jobs were given primarily to Europeans and …
JFK and Jackie Kennedy on a sailboat

Watching JFK Live and Die Years Later

… Decades after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, our … more history than memory, and yet he takes up the mission when his friend Al, a child of the Baby Boom, is crippled by … myth. Our obsession with Kennedy persists because it was the first national tragedy truly mediated through …
This iconic 1846 lithograph by Nathaniel Currier was entitled "The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor"; the phrase "Boston Tea Party" had not yet become standard. Contrary to Currier's depiction, few of the men dumping the tea were actually disguised as Native Americans.

Tea Parties Then and Now — A Crucial Difference

… This April 15 — the day when individual federal tax return forms are due … will converge on county courthouses, state capitals and Washington, D.C., to protest the federal income tax. As …
Cover of Pay for Play A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform by Ronald A. Smith.

Wagging the Dog

Review of Pay For Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform, by Ronald A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011. xii + 344 pp.)
… In 1903, Harvard University accepted a gift of $100,000 from the Class of 1879 toward construction of a permanent facility in which to play football.  When completed, Harvard Stadium cost over $300,000, held 40,000 people, and was, for a while, the largest steel-reinforced concrete …
Stamp commemorating revolution in Iraq

Iraq's 1920 Revolution

… A commemorative 1965 Iraqi stamp marking the 45th anniversary of the 1920 revolution. For many months … that they came as liberators from foreign oppression when they marched into Baghdad in March 1917, but three … Basra convinced nationalists in the capital that the moment was ripe for revolt. Oblivious to the seething rage in the
Photograph of wounded American soldiers during the Korean War.

12/23/2014: Remembering the Korean War

… Listen to Origins author Mitchell Lerner  talk about the Korean War on WOSU's All Sides with Ann Fisher . "By its … thousand five hundred American troops died fighting the three year war in Korea. Six thousand of them were lost in the first winter alone when Chinese troops outmaneuvered and out-manned the U.S. …
STS-116 mission specialists, NASA astronaut Robert Curbeam and ESA astronaut Christer Fuglesang perform extravehicular activity (EVA) during construction of the International Space Station.

Facing Opportunities and Obstacles in Space

… President Obama’s plans for the future of America’s civilian space programs,, outlined … exploitation of space — the high cost of reaching orbit. When I fly domestically, I pay about $2 per pound of me for … making space affordable can prove far more important than was beating the Russians to the moon. Instead of twelve …
Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, shakes hands with a US Air Force general officer prior to his departure from the United States

The Need to Talk with Iran

… What can the United States do about Iran and its nuclear ambitions? … little diplomatic contact since the 1979 hostage crisis, when Iranians seized the American embassy in Teheran. In the … Iran kept some of its nuclear development secret until it was uncovered in 2002. Iran’s suspicious nuclear activity …
Tulsa aftermath. Jun 1, 1921.

In Oklahoma, Another Debate About Reparations

… We are hearing lots about apologies for slavery these days. The Hartford Courant, one of the oldest … apologized for advertising for runaway slaves. That apology was inspired by a story about another great Connecticut … the law against lynchers, decided to take a stand. When black World War I veterans appeared that night to stop …
the U.S. Constitution, COM Library, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Why Getting Rid of the Filibuster Is Still a Good Idea

… a major mistake by opposing filibuster reform. By opposing the proposal of Sen. Bill Frist, the Republican Senate … II period were even bolder in their aspiration. Their goal was to transform the Senate into a strictly majoritarian … as ending lynching. This struggle culminated in 1975 when Republican Vice President Nelson Rockefeller intervened …
President Clinton and Vice President Gore sitting in the Oval Office in 1996.

An October Surprise Again?

… In the summer of 1968, rumors circulated that the Democrats … and Richard Nixon, his Republican opponent. This prospect was labeled the October Surprise. The Nixon team beseeched … initiate it? Such a political earthquake is likely only when the elections are close and contingent on defined …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… As China moves closer to the center of the world economy interest in China's future … Meanwhile, strong sense of commitment to their homeland was also prevalent among the Chinese diasporic communities.  … for foreign contact and capitalist modernity started cooled when the whole world was dragged into WWII. War experiences …