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After Putin? Russia's Presidential Elections

… or derailed at every step. (Kasyanov's name, for example, was taken off the presidential ballot in late January 2008 … This new patriotism is not as rigid an ideology as Marxism-Leninism was in the Soviet days and it is partly empty of … continues to show deference to Putin, it remains unclear when and whether he will attempt to wrest the reins of power …
President Bush makes remarks in 2006 during a press conference in the Rose Garden about Iran's nuclear ambitions and discusses North Korea's nuclear test.

Fighting a War in Name Only

… According to George W. Bush, the global war on terror is the central event of our time, … that off onto future generations. Old timers will recall when big wars meant rationing and higher taxes. Thus, for … war Franklin D. Roosevelt mobilized the nation. The result was decisive victory. But with victory came other, largely …
Lyndon Johnson greets American troops in Vietnam 1966.

A Curtain Call for the Domino Theory?

… that President Obama had called a group of historians to the White House a few months ago to educate him on the …   Experts will argue forever about whether the Vietnam War was a lost cause. But there was little doubt at the time … — or rationale — that he could sell to the American people. When he told the undersecretary of state, George Ball — the
Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, leaving the country after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, 1922

The Long End of the Ottoman Empire

… On July 24, 1923, negotiating parties at the Swiss resort town of Lausanne signed the final treaty of … all the treaties signed after  WWI , the Treaty of Lausanne was the only one negotiated and, perhaps more importantly, … Armenians was unmatched in its extent and lethality. When the war finally ended, the Ottoman Empire plunged into …
An electron microscopic image of a thin section of SARS-CoV within the cytoplasm of an infected cell, showing the spherical particles and cross-sections through the viral nucleocapsid.

Could SARS Set off Another Great Pandemic?

… infectious diseases such as influenza could be controlled. The availability of modern antibiotics persuaded many of us that any real threat from a flu microbe was as quaint as wind-up phonographs and rumble seats. In … From World War I troops it spread throughout the world. When it appeared in the spring of 1918, U. S. public health …
Cover of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther's World and Legacy by Lyndal Roper.

The Legacy of Luther

Review of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy, by Lyndal Roper (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… For scholars of the Reformation , the question of legacy is integral. … spiritual, and academic biography. Lyndal Roper’s Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy grapples … mimicked “the swagger of male single combat in an age when noblemen had to prove their honour with their bodies.” …
Hiroshima after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city.

Terrorism: A New Kind of War?

… In the wake of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center … terrorists. American nuclear strategy during the Cold War was designed to deter the Soviet Union from attacking the … fired the opening shot of World War I on June 28, 1914, when one of its members assassinated the Austrian Archduke …
A painting of the Rubicon scene from the mid-nineteenth century: Gustave Boulanger, Jules-César arrivé au Rubicon.

Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

… One damp and chilly January night in northern Italy—in what was then Cisalpine Gaul, or today’s … allies, part of the so-called Great Triumvirate. However, when their third ally, Marcus Crassus, died shortly after …
MTA digital message campaign recognizes "Heroes moving Heroes," frontline employees who help other essential workers get to and from their jobs, 2020.

Work and Life after COVID-19

… It is the time honored way to deal with plagues and pandemics : … city. The President's House in Philadelphia. George Washington left the fever-ridden city for Mount Vernon on … up at entrances. Similarly, there will be a schedule for when one can leave the stadium after the event. The
W.E.B. Du Bois c. 1911

150 Years Since the Birth of W. E. B. Du Bois

… February 23, 2018 marks the 150 th anniversary of the birth of W. E. B. Du Bois. … remain vital issues today. W.E.B. Du Bois c. 1911. Du Bois was in the vanguard of the scholarly movement into the … in rural Tennessee with whom he lived during the summer when he taught school there (the only three months a year …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… Why has the balanced budget amendment been before Congress for … followed. In 1936 the first budget-restraining amendment was offered as an anti-New Deal measure. At a time when national obligations in domestic and international …
Students at the Tuberculosis Sanitorium, Phoenix Indian School, ca. 1890-1910.

Early American Contagions

… we call “Early” American history—a past often animated by the meeting between Africans, Native Americans, and … on one’s face, on one’s head, on one’s breast, etc. there was indeed perishing, many indeed died of it.” Aztec victims … European counterparts? Alfred Crosby answered in the 1970s, when he coined the phrase “virgin soil epidemics,” or …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… On October 26, 2014, Brazilians will go to the polls to choose their President in a runoff vote between … colonial period and nineteenth century, Brazil's economy was based on the cultivation of sugar and coffee and … to be $2.5 billion, are projected to reach $20 billion when completed. Petrobras has become a key issue, with …
New York stock market index from 1926 to 1939

Can the Global Crisis of the Nineties Lead to Another Great Depression?

… Since the summer of 1997, economies around the world have been … the last year before Wall Street’s crash in October 1929 was phenomenal. Prices soared, much as they did in the … making investors vulnerable to huge losses and bankruptcies when values began to fall sharply. The recent crisis over …
Ludwig van Beethoven in front of sheet music from his first symphony.

Beethoven’s First Symphony

… First Symphony premiered on April 2, 1800, at Vienna’s Burgtheater Theater. It was the dawn of a new century, one in which advances in … it “slender,” remarking that it “can seem almost to wilt when commentators examine it for clues to future symphonic …
Pope Francis smiling from inside a car as he leaves the White House in 2015.

Embracing the Pope–Selectively

… In one of the more interesting and ironic twists in recent American … wrote that those who could not see that the pope was the Antichrist had a “marvelous blindness upon them.” When Irish and German Catholics began entering the country …
Karzai with former US President George W. Bush and wife Laura Bush at Camp David in 2007.

Keep Karzai in the Loop

The United States seems poised to begin peace talks with the … light on this question. Forty years ago the United States was trying to end the long and unpopular war in Vietnam. … believed they had a firm settlement with North Vietnam, but when Thieu was finally shown the agreement, he felt …
Title page of the first edition of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, 1818.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

… hundred years ago Mary Shelley, at age nineteen, published the gothic novel Frankenstein. It has become a classic of … Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus , 1818. She was in a privileged position to craft this rich … ). Mary began the novel one stormy night in the Swiss Alps when her husband Percy and his friend Lord Byron each …
This photo shows Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDR), which was transported from bases in the U.S. and air dropped to regions of Afghanistan where the displaced people are at risk of starvation.

Democracy’s Vital Ingredient — Food

… It was George Marshall, architect of the Marshall Plan, which rebuilt Europe after World War II, … supplies has to occur before the annual massive snowfalls, when it becomes extremely difficult, if not impossible, to …
Cover of Guantánamo, USA The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost by Stephen Irving Max Schwab.

Guantanamo For Beginners

Review of Guantanamo, USA: The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost, by Stephen Irving Max Schwab (University Press of Kansas, 2009)
… Guantanamo Bay has become one the most infamous places on earth.  In the United States and … the role of Theodore Roosevelt in its ascent.  Roosevelt was fascinated by naval power and pressed for Americans to … to create such a naval presence in the Caribbean came when the United States invaded Cuba – then a Spanish colony …