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Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, shakes hands with a US Air Force general officer prior to his departure from the United States

The Need to Talk with Iran

… What can the United States do about Iran and its nuclear ambitions? … little diplomatic contact since the 1979 hostage crisis, when Iranians seized the American embassy in Teheran. In the … Iran kept some of its nuclear development secret until it was uncovered in 2002. Iran’s suspicious nuclear activity …
Tulsa aftermath. Jun 1, 1921.

In Oklahoma, Another Debate About Reparations

… We are hearing lots about apologies for slavery these days. The Hartford Courant, one of the oldest … apologized for advertising for runaway slaves. That apology was inspired by a story about another great Connecticut … the law against lynchers, decided to take a stand. When black World War I veterans appeared that night to stop …
The Golubac Fortress was a medieval fortified town on the south side of the Danube River

A Postcard from Djerdap, Serbia

… research took me to a number of prominent cities in the former Yugoslavia: to Belgrade, Serbia, as well as Tuzla … of mountains, forests, fields, lakes, and rivers. The park was established in 1974, one of many founded during the socialist period of Yugoslavia. Djerdap is promoted as a …
the U.S. Constitution, COM Library, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

Why Getting Rid of the Filibuster Is Still a Good Idea

… a major mistake by opposing filibuster reform. By opposing the proposal of Sen. Bill Frist, the Republican Senate … II period were even bolder in their aspiration. Their goal was to transform the Senate into a strictly majoritarian … as ending lynching. This struggle culminated in 1975 when Republican Vice President Nelson Rockefeller intervened …
President Clinton and Vice President Gore sitting in the Oval Office in 1996.

An October Surprise Again?

… In the summer of 1968, rumors circulated that the Democrats … and Richard Nixon, his Republican opponent. This prospect was labeled the October Surprise. The Nixon team beseeched … initiate it? Such a political earthquake is likely only when the elections are close and contingent on defined …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… As China moves closer to the center of the world economy interest in China's future … Meanwhile, strong sense of commitment to their homeland was also prevalent among the Chinese diasporic communities.  … for foreign contact and capitalist modernity started cooled when the whole world was dragged into WWII. War experiences …

Treating the Symptoms: Northern Ireland’s Incomplete Peace

… met with Martin McGuiness, Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland while touring Belfast as part of her Diamond … servant—would not be particularly noteworthy. However, this was not most cases, as McGuiness was not just any public … more and more as undemocratic, unfair, and anachronistic. When Catholics organized a civil rights protest movement …
Transmission tower in Tennessee in the 1940s.

Back to the Future With Thomas A. Edison

… Summer’s heat brings with it, as it did last year, the threat of massive power outages. Everyone who’s suffered … distribution system, fought Westinghouse stubbornly. When it appeared he could no longer win by competing fairly, … Nth Power, a venture capital company in San Francisco, it wasn’t so much that Edison was wrong as that he was ahead of …
Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany.

Peace through Olympic Sport?

They're the greatest show on earth, exciting the passions of … be transformed — tamed and pacified, at least in part — when expressed on the Olympic stage. For defenders of the … not as representatives of their nations. Coubertin was a fervent patriot who saw international sport as a way …

The Human Use of Human Beings: A Brief History of Suicide Bombing

… more than a decade after 9/11, reveals a great deal about the phenomenon we have come to know as suicide bombing. … passengers on United Flight 93. The goal of the hijackings was to reprogram the guidance systems of the airliners so … with relatively long periods of cessation. In 2001, when the peace process collapsed entirely, a massive …
Howard Dean in 2014.

How Dean Followed in Goldwater’s Steps

… make in a presidential primary campaign! Seven days before the Iowa caucuses, Howard Dean led the Democratic pack by at … of his rivals. This development caused pundits from the Washington Post, CNN, CNBC and the National Review to ask … considered a presidential run after the 1960 election, when John F. Kennedy narrowly defeated Richard M. Nixon. …
Abraham Lincoln

Top Ten Origins: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

… On April 14, 2015, we observed the 150 th anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln’s death. … addresses nation on civil rights. June 11, 1963. Lincoln was the first American President to be killed in office. His … wage war against a determined foe who would not yield even when Lincoln offered the Confederacy gradual, compensated …

After Putin? Russia's Presidential Elections

… or derailed at every step. (Kasyanov's name, for example, was taken off the presidential ballot in late January 2008 … This new patriotism is not as rigid an ideology as Marxism-Leninism was in the Soviet days and it is partly empty of … continues to show deference to Putin, it remains unclear when and whether he will attempt to wrest the reins of power …
Lyndon Johnson greets American troops in Vietnam 1966.

A Curtain Call for the Domino Theory?

… that President Obama had called a group of historians to the White House a few months ago to educate him on the …   Experts will argue forever about whether the Vietnam War was a lost cause. But there was little doubt at the time … — or rationale — that he could sell to the American people. When he told the undersecretary of state, George Ball — the
President Bush makes remarks in 2006 during a press conference in the Rose Garden about Iran's nuclear ambitions and discusses North Korea's nuclear test.

Fighting a War in Name Only

… According to George W. Bush, the global war on terror is the central event of our time, … that off onto future generations. Old timers will recall when big wars meant rationing and higher taxes. Thus, for … war Franklin D. Roosevelt mobilized the nation. The result was decisive victory. But with victory came other, largely …
Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, leaving the country after the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate, 1922

The Long End of the Ottoman Empire

… On July 24, 1923, negotiating parties at the Swiss resort town of Lausanne signed the final treaty of … all the treaties signed after  WWI , the Treaty of Lausanne was the only one negotiated and, perhaps more importantly, … Armenians was unmatched in its extent and lethality. When the war finally ended, the Ottoman Empire plunged into …
An electron microscopic image of a thin section of SARS-CoV within the cytoplasm of an infected cell, showing the spherical particles and cross-sections through the viral nucleocapsid.

Could SARS Set off Another Great Pandemic?

… infectious diseases such as influenza could be controlled. The availability of modern antibiotics persuaded many of us that any real threat from a flu microbe was as quaint as wind-up phonographs and rumble seats. In … From World War I troops it spread throughout the world. When it appeared in the spring of 1918, U. S. public health …
Cover of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther's World and Legacy by Lyndal Roper.

The Legacy of Luther

Review of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy, by Lyndal Roper (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… For scholars of the Reformation , the question of legacy is integral. … spiritual, and academic biography. Lyndal Roper’s Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy grapples … mimicked “the swagger of male single combat in an age when noblemen had to prove their honour with their bodies.” …
A painting of the Rubicon scene from the mid-nineteenth century: Gustave Boulanger, Jules-César arrivé au Rubicon.

Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon

… One damp and chilly January night in northern Italy—in what was then Cisalpine Gaul, or today’s … allies, part of the so-called Great Triumvirate. However, when their third ally, Marcus Crassus, died shortly after …
Hiroshima after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city.

Terrorism: A New Kind of War?

… In the wake of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center … terrorists. American nuclear strategy during the Cold War was designed to deter the Soviet Union from attacking the … fired the opening shot of World War I on June 28, 1914, when one of its members assassinated the Austrian Archduke …
MTA digital message campaign recognizes "Heroes moving Heroes," frontline employees who help other essential workers get to and from their jobs, 2020.

Work and Life after COVID-19

… It is the time honored way to deal with plagues and pandemics : … city. The President's House in Philadelphia. George Washington left the fever-ridden city for Mount Vernon on … up at entrances. Similarly, there will be a schedule for when one can leave the stadium after the event. The
W.E.B. Du Bois c. 1911

150 Years Since the Birth of W. E. B. Du Bois

… February 23, 2018 marks the 150 th anniversary of the birth of W. E. B. Du Bois. … remain vital issues today. W.E.B. Du Bois c. 1911. Du Bois was in the vanguard of the scholarly movement into the … in rural Tennessee with whom he lived during the summer when he taught school there (the only three months a year …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… Why has the balanced budget amendment been before Congress for … followed. In 1936 the first budget-restraining amendment was offered as an anti-New Deal measure. At a time when national obligations in domestic and international …