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John Quincy Adams

John Quincy Adams: An Example for Our Times

… that history is now more viewed than read. The film’s audiences, however, should also remember that Adams’s defense … all, to effect mental, moral, and national improvement. Commitment to improvement of self and nation motivated … Adams fought the gag rule unsparingly through a brilliant combination of nimble eloquence, parliamentary skill, and …
People celebrating anniversary of the revolution in Mashhad in 2014.

Iran: Still Struggling toward Self-Determination

… even at the risk of confrontation with the international community. In persuading the Iranian government to be more … War, the United States believed that it faced the threat of communist expansion in the developing world. Iran looked … Director Allen Dulles, feared that Iran would soon fall to communism as China had, four years earlier. Having all the …
An official portrait of Vice President Dick Cheney taken in 2005

Cheney: Silent Partner to the President

… conceived.” Under Cheney, the vice presidency has become an extension of the presidency itself. Adams was not … Bush has great respect for Cheney’s ability to accomplish common goals without drawing attention to himself. The …
book cover - Helmut Walser Smith, The Butcher’s Tale: Murder and Anti-Semitism in a German Town

Top Ten Origins: Summer 2019 Must Reads

… The perfect companion to nearly any summer activity is a good book. And, … present. 3. David Olusoga, The World’s War: Forgotten Soldiers of Empire , Head of Zeus, 2014.  Reminding us that the … Olusoga’s book focuses on the millions of non-white soldiers drawn into the conflict from European colonies. The …
Drawing/wood engraving of the state capitol of Illinois at Springfield.

Can Illinois Again Lead by (Bad) Example?

… the honor. By the 19th century’s end, the U.S. Senate had become widely known, as it still is today, as a “millionaires … The Senate itself, however, had consistently refused to comply.   Frustrated by Senate inaction and persistent … Senate vacancies without a popular vote would be a welcome start.   A more substantial consequence of revisiting …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at a press conference in 1964.

Martin Luther King’s True Legacy: Revolutionary Ideals

… civil rights workers intentionally created national discomfort in cities, north as well as south, throughout the 1960s. Holding true to his principles is what compelled him to take a deeply reflective antiwar stance in … that most of the American public, either because of fear or complacency, accepted the forms of inequalities that had …
The Alcoholics Anonymous logo at a church. (Image by Rachel K)

A Brief History of Alcoholics Anonymous

… Jung.  Jung suggested that alcoholism might only be overcome through a profound spiritual experience. Following … alcohol including Edwin “Ebby” Thatcher, a former drinking companion of Bill Wilson.  Thatcher achieved sobriety and … to those treatments in mitigating other alcohol-related outcomes, including reducing healthcare costs for people with …
Patrick Henry Addressing the Virginia Assembly. Lithograph from the painting by A. Chappal. Engraved by H. B. Hall.

A Time to Listen

… for Independence. "Liberty or Death" exemplifies the do-or-die attitude. Surprisingly, Patrick Henry's conduct when he … to 79. Had Henry chosen to fight, Mason's fears might have come true. The infant nation was fragile. In Massachusetts, …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… to the nation he coined the phrase "military-industrial complex." Eisenhower used that address to issue a warning to … spirit as well. In this book, Koistinen explains how that complex (he abbreviates it MIC) came to be and how it has … of economists like Seymour Melman and others who have studied the question. He juxtaposes the growth of military …
One of Havana's plazas without a church.

A Postcard From Havana, Cuba

… the American imagination. America’s fixation on Cuba’s Communist government has led to many regrettable results: … by a domino-theory fear that tiny Cuba would bring about communist revolutions throughout the hemisphere. It wasn’t … received support from the U.S. as a bulwark against communism. Hotel Ambos Mundos, where Ernest Hemingway lived …
President Obama and McChrystal in the Oval Office in May 2009.

The Presidents and the McGenerals

… The furor over comments made by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and his aides to a … — are limited.   Yet many Americans still expect our soldiers not only to hunt down the enemies of the United States … product of long-standing ambivalence. On the one hand, soldiering is among the most honored professions, certainly far …
Abraham Lincoln Campaign Poster 1860

"Great God, What does it Mean?" - Lee's Escape at Williamsport

… history is the Battle of Gettysburg. While many will commemorate the battle itself, the decision not to press … and gravel roads in makeshift wagons, begged to be left to die. Cavalry guarded Lee’s precious supplies as the army, in … the conservative clique, fumed later that “The national soldiers … wished with a united voice to be led to the work of …
French troops under Charles VIII entering Florence, 1494.

The Blood Behind the Beauty

Review of The Beauty and the Terror: The Italian Renaissance and the Rise of the West, by Catherine Fletcher (New York City: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… Brutal violence is not typically the first thing that comes to mind when observing the artwork of the … Renaissance’s greatest masters. For many, this art has become synonymous with the beginning of a new era and the … uncommon for military men (whether they be common foot soldiers or officers) to record their own impressions and …
An engraving of Earl Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington during the American Revolution.

Hollywood’s American Revolution

… British regulars being routed by American Continental soldiers and a band of South Carolina militiamen led by … of the old monarchical, aristocratic imperial order embodied in Cornwallis and defended by the Redcoats. Not without … fire until ranks are broken and desperate hand-to-hand combat ensues. These scenes, realistic and at times surreal, …
Mr. Professor by Joan Carlsson, Flickr, CC BY-NC 2.0

Needed: A New Deal for Academics

… on faculty hires. Suddenly, new Ph.D.s found themselves competing with a hundred or even a thousand other candidates … despondent souls at any academic conference, squirming uncomfortably in their suits and waiting — always waiting for … — that we almost never ask this question. But answers are easy to imagine. English Ph.D.s could revise turgid …
The flag of the World Health Organization, founded in 1948, flies over the WHO headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

Tuberculosis and the Optimism of Biomedicine

… DDT were among the most important. But without the will and commitment on the part of governments, health care … By making formerly sick people well they could then become productive citizens. They would learn the benefits of … experts had this to say in 1995: “Consistently, the world community has failed even to implement those effective and …
An Armenian woman leans over her dead child near Aleppo, Syria,1915.

On the Armenian Genocide

… On April 24, 2015, much of the world will commemorate the centennial of one of the most highly … The result was the physical annihilation of the Armenian communities that had lived in the Anatolian peninsula for … into the Armenian Massacres of 1894-1896,” Comparative Studies in Society and History , XXIV, 3 (July 1982), pp. …
The Kaiser Permanente Building after the Northridge Earthquake in 1994.

California Freeways: Still Seismically Unsafe

… and undervalued, the seismic program was still incomplete almost two decades later when Loma Prieta struck … as the “Cypress Structure” collapsed, killing sixty-four commuters. Unlike most California freeways in 1989, the …
 Haile Selassie in 1942

Emperor Haile Selassie I Returns Triumphant to Ethiopia

… capital city, Addis Ababa. The Ethiopian Emperor was accompanied by battle-tested companies of Patriot guerilla fighters (the Arbanyoch). … Orde Wingate led Gideon Force and an assorted mix of Commonwealth fighters from Egypt , Sudan , and Kenya . …
A view of the World Trade Center in New York City

Responding to Terror: No Good Choices

… and anger are settling into a cold rage against whoever committed the atrocity and those who may be sheltering the perpetrators’ accomplices and families. But what must now be done? This is … weapons. At what point should we retaliate? When a million die in Boston or Seattle from a nuclear blast? The same …
World War II poster of American, British, Chinese, and Russian soldiers shaking hands.

Patrick Buchanan’s Forebears

… he could have destroyed the Soviet Union. For Buchanan, Communism, with its rejection of free enterprise and foreign … by major Western politicians in the 1930s. It became the COMMON SENSE of the Cold War period. It lingers today. … One of these influential isolationists was Martin Dies, the Texas congressman who chaired the House Unamerican …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… the Romans had paved for their own armies to travel. If war comes, Iraq will be using the computers and cell phones and radar it got from the United … dangerous road. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …