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The Nuremburg Map of 1524 is the earliest known European visualization of Tenochtitlan

The Fall of Tenochtitlan

… “I don’t think they’re done conquering us yet. It just keeps happening.” … tens of thousands of lives, civilian and warrior alike. It was a war of atrocity, massacre, and systematic violence. By … has to agree that what those people [the Spaniards] did when they came to Mexico was a true crime against …
Courtesans such as Lilly Langtry (in this 1885 photograph) are claimed to have started utilizing underwear as tool of seduction.

Where’s that Sexy History Under There?

Review of Exposed: A History of Lingerie, by Colleen Hill (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Yale University Press, 2014)
… “Nothing equals the voluptuous power of feminine underwear,” could be thethe bustles, the structured brassieres and girdles. When draped over mannequins, these artifacts come to life as … design. As Steele explains it, in the beginning there was only the t-shaped undergarment (which later became the
American W84 warhead from the 1980s.

Nuclear Arms Control – Now, More than Ever

The United States continues to live under the fear of … can play a role in preventing nuclear terrorism. It was during the Cold War that Americans first came to grips … During the 1980s, President Reagan used this approach when negotiating with the Soviets. The Stockholm Conference …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… Donald Trump’s untraditional approach to the presidency has led Politico to call him the “ Disruptor … a fundamental fact about water: it rarely stays put. Wastes discharged into bodies of water tend to wind up in … its meaning. At least that was the case until fall 2019, when the Trump administration announced it would repeal the
Signal Soldiers train to protect against Nuclear Biological and Chemical threats.

The Nuclear Theft From the Poor and Hungry

… medium-range nuclear missiles.   Despite this treaty, both the United States and Russia still have thousands of nuclear … of nuclear weapons can be diverted to peaceful uses. This was the ambition of President Eisenhower when he made nuclear arms control a priority with his Atoms …
Burning ships after the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor.

Not Only Action but Accountability

… Every commentator in America is drawing the parallel between the recent terrorist attacks and thethe handful of strategists who warned that Pearl Harbor was vulnerable, a chorus of Cassandras have persistently … be concentrated against American interests in the Far East. When Osama bin Laden has made his threats against the United …
War News from Mexico (1848).

“Hostilities” and War Powers: Let’s Choose the Constitution

… of a republic," Congress must reassert its control of the war power under Article II, Section 8, of the U.S. … to Congress the sole right to declare war.  The occasion was the debate over the American military intervention in … Polk ordered American troops into the disputed territory.  When the inevitable clash occurred, Polk told Congress that …
Image reading "there is no news tonight"

“No News Day” at the BBC

… February 3, 2020 was supposed to be a busy news night. It was the evening of the Iowa caucuses, the first chance for … a shared culture and identity for the British people. When it comes to news, Americans seem unable to agree on …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… In 1978, Amadou-Mahtar M’Bow, the Senegalese director of UNESCO, called upon the global … in the Global North to share collections. Ironically, it was the shortcomings of a UNESCO convention that brought … much less agreement exists about other cases, such as when objects were purchased or given. Many sculptors, for …
An AIDS testing site in Moscow, 1987.

The Blame Game: The USSR’s Response to HIV/AIDS

… On the surface, HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 seem as dissimilar as two … the start Soviet officials pushed forward the idea that it was a foreign virus. By the end of 1987, there were fifteen … of the official response in casting blame on foreigners. When Soviets did turn their attention to their fellow …
Cover of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui.

Forces of Good and Evil

Review of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… Blum and John H. Matsui argue that Americans living through the Civil War era and its immediate aftermath made sense of … The first addresses how the biblical story of Satan’s fall was grafted onto the issues of slavery and southern … with the wartime experiences of individual combatants. When confronted with the visceral nature of warfare soldiers …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… after only one year. His signature health care initiative was stalled; his inner circle had begun to show indiscipline … Vladimir Putin to Benjamin Netanyahu were suggesting that the pensive, cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, … other hand, is playing for keeps, taking his time (except when he senses that the moment is ripe for a win), content …
Saxonburg Memorial Church.

Does the First Amendment Separate Church and State?

… candidate Christine O'Donnell's recent comment–wondering whether “separation of church and state” is “in the First … “separation between Church & State” in an 1802 letter was actually a narrowly focused explanation of the … and senators used the broader word "religion," and when discussing the issue of “free exercise” of religion …
President of the United States Ronald Reagan in a briefing with National Security Council staff on the Libya bombing on 15 April 1986.

The National Insecurity State

… this month, American voters chose Dwight D. Eisenhower as their next president. Though few realized it at the time, … that too much spending would break the national bank. It was better to assume that the Cold War might go on … Cheney explained: “There’s not going to be an end date when we’re going to say, ‘There, it’s all over with.'” In …
1992 portrait of General Wesley K. Clark.

Wesley Clark: In the Tradition of Generals Who Make Peace

… Gen. Wesley K. Clark’s entry into the Democratic presidential contest has delighted voters … plow after victory had been secured. In his own day, George Washington was explicitly likened to that Roman general: … retired to Mount Vernon, then answered the call once more when the new nation needed a president. Largely because of …
Detail from the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol.

Common Good and Common Evil in American Religion

Review of America’s Religious Wars: The Embattled Heart of Our Public Life, by Kathleen M. Sands (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019)
… Every election year is a good time to remind each other that you do not discuss religion, sex, or politics in … in our religious debates: foundations vs. walls. George Washington believed that religion needed to be the … conflicts were not simply hold-overs from an earlier time when religious differences were at the heart of so much …
Col C.B. Winders shooting a gun in the 1910s.

Reconstructing the Second Amendment

… Yet even among hot button topics in American public life there is something perverse about the dynamics of the debate … the Second Amendment and only emerged in the 19th century when individual states began passing the first gun control … it, reminding their opponents that the Second Amendment was about an obligation citizens owed to their government …
St. Catherine of Siena depicted on a wood panel.

Speaking Truth to Catholic Power

… of Frank Keating to put on my dashboard. Until recently, the former Oklahoma governor was chairman of a panel of lay Roman Catholics appointed by … own interests instead of safeguarding their flock. Just when it seemed that the papacy had lost its moral authority, …
Emancipation Memorial in Lincoln Park, Washington DC.

Bicentennial for Two Great Emancipators

… Abraham Lincoln, The Great Emancipator, has been much on our minds recently … rationales that justified slavery.   For Lincoln, this was a political principle and a moral imperative. He was … This is what he meant in his address at Gettysburg in 1863 when he promised that the war would bring “a new birth of …
The Palins and McCains in Fairfax, Virginia, September 2008.

Why the Sarah Palin Gamble Didn’t Pay Off

… whatever chance he had to become president on August 28, the day he invited Sarah Palin to be his running mate. In … did not choose able running mates simply because that was the responsible thing to do. They recognized that … as a test of their values and decision-making ability.   When both presidential candidates choose well, the vice …
American nuclear missile from the early Cold War in its original launch silo.

A Basis for Hope in the Middle East

… that a nuclear-armed Iran would pose a grave threat to the Middle East. But even a resolution to the Iranian … and trust. A key step for the Americans and Soviets was the 1986 Stockholm Conference, which sought to reduce … President Reagan stated the policy — “trust but verify” — when the Soviets and Americans agreed to eliminate their …
The Pride Flag being hoisted onto the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington.

Hatred Aimed at Gays Hurts All

… If the Senate passes the Matthew Shepard Act — known also as … orientation may finally approach an end. The legislation was stalled for years in Congress, but with Democrats now in … look’d as clean  As if they ne’re up A–se had been;  For when we use ‘em, we take care  To wash ‘em well, and give …
A traditional glass of Weissbier

Keeping Beer “Pure”: The 1516 Reinheitsgebot

… Prost ! This year marks the 500-year anniversary of a decree that became the famed … . Today, beer drinkers like to point out that the decree was innocent of knowledge of yeast and fermentation—revealed … to apply to West Germany, but not to breweries in the socialist East during the forty years that the Democratic …