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John Trumbull's portrait of Alexander Hamilton.

This Won’t Be the Last Political Sex Scandal

… be eclipsed by the next scandal before too long. If we’re becoming a more liberal society, shouldn’t there be fewer and … All of these scandals broke in the news media of the day. One commonality among political sex scandals today is that … only a minority of the nation can claim to truly act upon. One thing is certain: with the debate far from over this …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … remaining two examine the interconnections among these bodies of water after 1492. This organization keeps the book’s … by ocean-going outsiders, such as Koreans, Malays, and Indonesians, who he considers the “real pioneers in crossing …
Chinese EVA spacesuit "Feitian".

China’s Manned Space Program: an Opportunity for Cooperation

… What happens when the world’s largest Communist country launches its first cosmonaut into orbit … vulnerability and led president John F. Kennedy to commit the United States to sending men to the moon. The … Soviet Union engaged in the “Space Race” to demonstrate the superiority of their political and economic systems. The …
March on Washington

The Unfinished Struggle: Civil Rights and the March on Washington

… On August 28th, America will commemorate the anniversary of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The march was one of the largest political protest gatherings in U.S. … comprise less than 13% of the population, black prisoners constitute 1 million of the 2.3 million inmates …
Protesters against the an anti-gay marriage amendment on the 2012 election ballot.

The Gay-Marriage Amendment: A Danger to the Constitution

… likely have to endure the result regardless of how much we come to regret it. The nation’s constitutional history is … unintended consequences. Though outvoted by temperance proponents, a significant minority of Americans saw nothing … the always fragile sense that laws deserve respect and obedience regardless of personal preference. In addition, …
The Rodina crew. Left to right: Polina Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova, and Marina Raskova.

The Rodina Flight

The Remarkable Story of the Women’s Non-Stop Long-Distance Flight Record
… In 1938, one year after Amelia Earhart disappeared in an attempt to … miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … 15. Shevchenko, Nikolay, “How Three Soviet Women Nearly Died Chasing their Aviation Dream, Gateway to Russia , …

Hong Kong in Protest

… Poon Hui-wing, while the two Hong Kong residents vacationed in Taiwan . Chan eventually returned home but evaded murder charges because he committed the crime outside of Hong Kong’s jurisdiction. He … its window to the outside world. Cover of Worker-Peasant-Soldier Pictorial magazine in 1970, during the Great …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the threat from … that its uranium-enrichment efforts have passed a new milestone are more show than substance and do not significantly … China’s nuclear facilities and each would drop a bomb. Only one of the bombs would detonate, making it impossible to …
Malawi

A Postcard from Livingstonia, Malawi

… inspired by the speeches and writings of Dr. David Livingstone, the most famous missionary to have traveled across the … to drive. During the rainy season, the road's stones become very slippery, making transportation difficult. The … Other graduates have gone on to continue their studies around the world, including the United States and the …
A group of Kyiv civilians gather in a basement downtown to make Molotov Cocktails to be used against Russian troops in Kyiv, Ukraine, 2022.

Ukraine in War and Revolution

… state was “entirely created” by the Bolsheviks after the communist seizure of power in 1917 as part of Lenin’s … a multiethnic federation or as an independent state, no one really knew. Ukrainian politicians at first acted … wars in Ukraine had global dimensions. So too does the one in 2022. Learn More: Paul Browder and Alexander F. …
A French Quarter Pontalba Row building.

A Postcard from New Orleans, Louisiana

… about a block north of New Orleans’s famed French Quarter. Completely walled in, the cemetery is unwelcoming. The Roman … are also lined with what tour guides call “condos”—stone mausoleums that grow so hot in the subtropical climate that the bodies of the dead within are rendered to little more than …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… balanced budget amendment been before Congress for sixty-one years without gaining approval?  Never in all that time … to popular enthusiasm for a simplistic solution to fiscal complexities, a responsible minority treated the … Looking back, however, while nearly every American questioned one expenditure or another, few argued against giving …
Gunpowder Plot conspirators in front of a bonfire celebrating Guy Fawkes Night.

Powder Treason, Bonfire Night, and the English Art of Reinventing the Past

… fireworks light the sky and effigies burn. The celebration commemorates an event from 1605, when authorities discovered … hold government positions. When James I ascended to the throne, hope spread among Catholics for religious toleration, … “Jack” Wright (1568-1605), and Guy Fawkes—a seasoned soldier who had fought for Catholic Spain and possessed crucial …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… Nigerian Civil War, also known as the Biafran War, became one of the most divisive wars in the history of … and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … in July 1966. This countercoup turned out to be bloodier, and this time, Igbos were the victims. Many …
Pledging his support, President George W. Bush talks via telephone to New York Governor George Pataki and New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Wilson and Bush: Unready Internationalists

… President Bush is presiding over what is fast becoming a foreign policy disaster. The war in Iraq is a … far more with divisive culture wars than with waging real ones. Both men reflected the era in which they took the helm … best aspects of two American traits sometimes at odds with one another: both hard-edged realism and noble idealism. It …
An 1889 lithograph of the Historic Capitol of Tallahassee, Florida

For History’s Sake, Preserve Florida’s Presidential Ballots

… to remain an unsettled and unsettling question. In years to come, hundreds of articles and books will flow from the pens … was ultimately declared the winner over Samuel J. Tilden. One of the first actions the 107th Congress should take is … John F. Kennedy. That body of independent scholars — none of whom had a particular ax to grind — was able to put …
Here, a bus broadcasts the anti-apartheid message to Londoners in 1989.

Inequality After Apartheid

Review of Apartheid Guns and Money: A Tale of Profit, by Hennie van Vuuren (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019)
… In societies that have undergone major political transformations—away from systems of … and political crimes. One can only hope that subsequent studies follow up on the leads the author has provided. The … politicians, arms dealers, and bureaucrats, among others, committed heretofore underappreciated crimes in the waning …
Women of the Association of Families of the Detained-Disappeared demonstrate in front of La Moneda Palace during the Pinochet military regime.

In Historical Truths, the Road to an Open Society

… were right-wing ideologues who cynically utilized fears of communism to crush opposition to their tyrannical regimes. … that men like Botha and Pinochet tried to erase. Both bodies revealed the atrocities that their perpetrators had … the records of men like P.W. Botha and Augusto Pinochet. One example of the revelatory capacity of these bodies will …
The image of a Thunderbird on top of a totem pole

“Allese Rondade”, that is to say, ‘Shoot!’”

Review of Thundersticks: Firearms and the Violent Transformation of Native America, by David J. Silverman (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2016)
… them and Euro-Americans saying “Indian polities used commercial and military leverage to shape these … gift diplomacy to sway Native peoples towards or against one side during periods of conflict. Likewise, Indians used … with the most fearsome of natural elements and embodied the awesome power of the Thunderbird and the Horned …
Garden District of New Orleans.

Learning to Dance With the French

… little gestures of bonhomie that were expected of them. Nonetheless, with ugly anti-American protests in Paris and … French Louisianians like myself no longer have much in common with our cousins in Paris. But in 1803, following the … had erupted there. What they found was a good old-fashioned drunken brawl between the city’s leading French and …
A wood engraving of President Woodrow Wilson from 1918.

The Osama bin Laden of 1916

… the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941. The comparison is appropriate. In both cases an attack without … between 1916 and 2001 are imperfect. Villa killed U.S. soldiers during his raid, not civilians. His reasons for … blunt objects. Present-day Americans need to keep in mind one crucial lesson in their discussions of Osama bin Laden …