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… Conference on West Africa was signed.  The conference has become known for “carving up  the African continent ” for the … army to impose rule. White officers directed African soldiers.  Often “freed” from slavery or “orphaned,” many of … resisted such an onslaught: by fleeing or hiding from soldiers, or by attacking colonial posts, for example by …

… it. Halfway through his first term, he secretly decided to complete American troop withdrawals around election time. … off final withdrawal. If Bush follows the Nixon game plan completely, next year he will launch a big bombing campaign … 1971 trip to Beijing, he told the Chinese that if the Communists overthrew the South Vietnamese government after …

… that day, Desmond became the target of a racist incident, a common event for Blacks in Canada. Her decision to challenge … programs, Desmond earned a teacher’s certificate by completing a provincial test. She was required to teach in a … and a public opinion survey on the Bank of Canada website is indicative of a willingness to acknowledge a …

… 1939 to over two million in 1945 (64). This process was accompanied by considerable growing pains. Indian troops … it could be made to produce wartime goods without unduly competing with Britain (89). Early in the war, India’s … do occasionally include perspectives from ordinary soldiers that add a welcome human element to the fighting. …

… and the June 4th Massacre that horrified television audiences around the world. It’s natural to use 1989 as a … a way to use history when trying to make sense of China’s complicated present. Another kind of continuity between 1989 … image is only partly right. In fact, most of the people soldiers killed on June 4 were workers, not students. Patrick …

… a battle fought here at home. The advocates of containing communism clearly defeated those led by General Douglas … of peace were so soon forgotten. The fear of change still combines with fear of recurring threats to make the United … or conquest. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …

… RSF as terrorists. Yasir al-Atta, the Sudanese army deputy commander, said in an interview on August 3, 2024, that the … of resources, the Arabian Peninsula would at times become over-populated. This led to mass migrations across the … Sudanese writer al-Sadiq al Raziqui wrote on Al-Jazeera’s website that mercenaries returning from  Yemen in 2019 were …

… thus passed into the language to refer to someone with no competence or apparent purpose. It turns out, however, that … in 1940 as a symbol of the administration's continuing commitment to the New Deal, was given significant … qualified to direct foreign policy if the president dies and to continue the basic policies in the next election …

… of the Second World War began. More than four million combatants fought in the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad … armies. Over 1.8 million became casualties. More Soviet soldiers died in the five-month battle than Americans in the … members of the Wehrmacht began growing increasingly uneasy. The Chief of the OKH staff, General Franz Halder, …

… President Clinton’s commission on race relations is dead on arrival. Most Americans had wished it success. They had hoped that commission members’ resolve and wisdom would move attention … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …

… story, the myth relegates that city’s more interesting, complicated history to the margins. Ian Worthington’s latest … here in a mosaic from the House of the Faun in Pompeii, died in 323 BCE, which incited confusion and revolt in … between Athens and Rome poignantly illustrate Athens’ complicated relationship with the rest of the Mediterranean …

… in between. Historians have traditionally focused on the outcomes of “the chiefs now in this city,” namely, treaties. … was a man who traveled with an escort of Pennsylvania soldiers; who insisted on not only an interpreter but a clerk … near the New Lutheran Church, 1800. Teedyuscung died in a suspicious fire that engulfed his home city in the …

… that translates to the future of American health care comes in his final chapter. “Health care cannot function,” … In this sense, government involvement remains a necessary component for healthcare to advance. In the author’s …

… takes the press and the opposition party a full term to become familiar with an administration’s use of executive …

… South Asia’s geopolitical landscape, it also bears a more complex and lesser-known set of legacies for how we think … murder and deportation of the populace—the army of Pakistan committed war crimes that reached the level of genocide. … of a Congressional sanction. The U.S., in other words, was complicit in an unfolding humanitarian crisis of astounding …

… Still, some have tried. The most irresistible historical comparison is to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on … victory. Few Americans in 2001 can expect a similar outcome. When considering sheer carnage, some might be tempted … in San Francisco claimed an equal number of victims. These comparisons end with the numbers, however, because unlike …

… Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to change its policies toward Tibet. This … done. Clinton will seem like an activist president without committing himself to very much. And the Tibetans? In … religion and would just as soon wait for the Dalai Lama to die. Meanwhile, its members encourage the migration of …