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Cover of Wounded Knee Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre by Heather Cox Richardson

Where Our Hearts Are Still Buried

Review of Wounded Knee: Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre, by Heather Cox Richardson (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… asked Big Foot, leader of the Minneconjou Teton Sioux, to come to Pine Ridge Reservation with his followers in hopes … east of Wounded Knee Creek. On the following morning the soldiers attempted to disarm the Indian camp. A shot rang out as one man refused to give up his gun and the edgy soldiers opened fire. At least 150 Sioux men, women, and …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … one member said, should have nothing to do “with the wrongs committed by other Governments against those whom they …
An image of the castle in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Orlando.

Banning Harry Potter

… too crude for refined readers. Twenty years later, critics complained that the characters were poor role models. By the … evil. Harry’s true magic is that he is empowered by his compassion and tolerance of others.   Potter’s antagonists … Harry Potter may rival Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield to become one of America’s most banned boys. Elizabeth D. Schafer …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the … society.” Kopp saw the Bolshevik Revolution as an event embodied in modernist architecture, but also facilitated and … and basements came to function as (civilian) bunkers. Cheap, but not always safe , traditional heating systems (or …
A solemn crowd gathers outside the Stock Exchange after the crash. 1929.

This Year’s Equation: 1920 + 1932 = 2008

… To make the case that an election is momentous, you need to compare it with previous critical ones. The most important … elected.   In 1920, the incumbent party’s president had become very unpopular as a result of a war that had not … Herbert Hoover.   Next week’s election is shaping up as a combination of 1932 and 1920. The Panic of 2008 is having an …
Moskvitch 3 vehicles roll off the assembly line at JSC Moscow Automobile Plant Moskvitch, 2022.

Sanctions on Russia: Impact and Efficacy

… damaging sanctions against the Russian state, its companies, and its citizens. The sanctions were intended to … one of the most visible effects of sanctions to date, major companies left Russia. Multinational giants such as … armored vehicles. In another instance, the engines of Bombardier light off-road vehicles were found in the Iranian …
Mary Mallon in a hospital bed in 1907.

Who Was Typhoid Mary?

… tested and found to be full of typhoid bacilli.  Mallon had committed no crime. She had been unaware of her carrier … public support for Mallon’s plight.  When a new health commissioner took office in 1910, he decided to release her … Island, where she lived in a cottage with only a dog for a companion until her death in 1938. In the interim, …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… legacy with which Americans will sooner or later have to come to terms: today we live in a society of greater … critically weakened the one entity best equipped to combat growing income inequality in the United States: organized labor. …
American Anti-Slavery Society, 1837

Revisiting Long Histories of the Reparations Debate

Review of Reparations for Slavery and The Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History, by Ana Lucia Araujo (New York City: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2017)
… enslaved Africans generated tremendous wealth for an elite community of slave owners, slave traders, and political … enslaved individuals and their descendants petitioned for compensation, recognition, and material support, known today … for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History chronicles the history of the …
Muslim depiction of Muhammad - 17th century Ottoman copy from the "Edinburgh codex".

Iraq, Too, Must Separate Church and State

… strife between Sunnis and Shiites within your great community of Islam weakened the entire civic and social … and Methodists and nonbelievers in their midst, from becoming part of the federal Constitution. They firmly … the Americans was their capacity to unite in dealing with a common problem. The expectation that patriarchal authority …
A "bucket brigade" works to clear rubble and debris on September 14, 2001.

United We Stand? The Unequal Costs of Mobilization

… from new opportunities. But the patriotic fervor that accompanied wartime mobilization meant that unions were … who were a key part of the economy servicing this center of commerce. But, like the firefighters turned away from Ground …
Closeup of a ram.

It’s Gay Rights, Not Gay Genes, That Matter

… were torn as to how to gain acceptance from the straight community. Today’s emphases on gay pride and being openly … were nonexistent. Activists emphasized instead the commonalities between themselves and heterosexuals, … in 1965. In addition to demanding that the Civil Service Commission revise its policies to recognize the rights of …
Lyndon Johnson greets American troops in Vietnam 1966.

A Curtain Call for the Domino Theory?

… Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy. If Vietnam fell to the Communists, they argued, so too would the rest of Asia. … and Russia. Afghanistan therefore demands a heavy American commitment, although the degree to which that commitment should be military is open to debate.   President …
Cover of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC by David W. Anthony and  Jennifer Y. Chi.

The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC

Review of The Lost World of Old Europe: The Danube Valley, 5000-3500 BC, by David W. Anthony and Jennifer Y. Chi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. pp. 254)
… across the whole of the Old World. It also maintains a commitment to the study of the ancient world from the … (p. 20) The book is arranged as a series of thematic studies, each of which touches on a topic of central importance … at the many photos of these figurines in this chapter it is easy to understand why their function and meaning remain …
The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … came face to face with the ethical dilemmas of an Atlantic commercial system dependent on enslaved labor. An … created a government-sanctioned monopoly for the West-Indies and empowered slave-trading states in West Africa.” If …
The FBI’s finely tuned image as a scientific, fact-driven investigative force, cultivated in images like this, often overshadowed how the Bureau’s priorities on issues such as homosexuality were shaped by popular fears rooted in homophobia.

G-Men, Gays, and Government

Review of Hoover’s War on Gays: Exposing the FBI’s “Sex Deviates” Program, by Douglas M. Charles Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2015.
… licenses to gay couples represents an example of the often complex relationship between government officials and … For example, Charles’s third chapter contains three case studies about prominent gay, or allegedly gay, individuals to … emerged during World War II. One of these case studies centers on Undersecretary of State Sumner Welles, a …
19th century engraving showing Wall Street from the corner of Broad Street.

The First Wall Street Bomb

… an unknown enemy, one whom many Americans believed had committed an act of war. And, like the destruction of the … Americans in 1920, the death toll from the blast seemed incomprehensible. “The horrible slaughter and maiming of men … focused on political radicals, mainly anarchists and communists. The condemnations were heated. “The bomb outrage …
KKK Rally

From Dixie to the Third Reich

Review of Hitler’s American Model: The United States and the Making of Nazi Race Law, by James Q. Whitman (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017)
President JFK giving an address on civil rights in June, 1963.

A President Who Was Still Growing

… day in Dallas in 1963. In an inaugural address that has become a poignant reminder of the idealism of the 1960s, JFK … in a refreshing spirit of voluntarism by urging citizens to commit themselves to solving the problems of poverty and … the assassination of South Vietnamese president Ngo Dinh Diem in early November 1963 made JFK realize that the United …
Integrated classroom in 1955.

The Long-Term Legacies of Brown v. Board

… multi-cultural society. Ironically, re-segregation has become prevalent in some school districts while at the … have lowered admissions standards. Both developments are compromising the original intent of Brown. On May 17, 1954, … education for minorities in a system that was governed by competent teaching, adequate facilities and rigorous …
Captured soldiers along the march with their hands tied behind their backs

The Bataan Death March

… the surrender of tens of thousands of U.S. and Filipino soldiers to the Japanese in the Philippines stunned the … the mercurial personality of General Douglas MacArthur, commander of the U.S. and Filipino forces. Overconfident that the Filipino soldiers he had trained could stand up to Japanese regulars and …
Bande dessinée par Ali Delim pour marquer la vingtième anniversaire de la mort de Saïd Mekbel

1/30/2015: Les dangers d'être humoriste: Charlie Hebdo n’est pas le seul

… La juxtaposition du rire et de la tragédie dans les fusillades de Charlie Hebdo a suscité une recherche profonde pour découvrir comment les hommes armés sont venus à être si irrités par … était le chroniqueur Saïd Mekbel. Son esprit de comédie n’épargnait personne comme il s’en servait …
Poster from a 2020 pro-choice rally that says, "If my uterus had a gun, would I have more rights?"

Theater of Cruelty

… right. However, even this discussion of pregnancy did not come close to the corporeal character of Kennedy’s language … the limits of what reasoned discourse can represent. An audience has to be brutally stimulated — shocked by savage … call one more akin to infanticide than the other. But the easy response to this objection is to propose a broader ban …