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The Shifting Terrain of Latin American Drug Trafficking

… In June 2011, the non-governmental organization Global Commission on Drug … of methamphetamines. Yet, this contemporary arrangement was not always the case. The production, trafficking, and … Bolivia. During the colonial period (1532-1825), Spanish bureaucrats and elites largely viewed the consumption of …
A photograph of Viola Desmond

Remembering Viola Desmond

… In 2018, the Canadian $10 bill had a new face. Viola Irene (Davis) … Black Canadians stood up to racial segregation. Desmond was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia on July 6, 1914, into a … in court the next day without legal representation. When Desmond took the stand, she explained to the Magistrate …
John D. Rockefeller in 1914.

Bill Gates — Another Rockefeller or Another Ford?

… Penfield Jackson has ordered Microsoft broken in two, and the appeal has gone to the Supreme Court. Why is Microsoft … passed 110 years ago this month. That "charter of freedom" was designed to protect the core American value of free … The pace of business takeovers speeded up in the 1990s, but whenever one large corporation sought to acquire another it …
The hazards of an enclosed work environment – a typist with cloth mask during the influenza pandemic in 1918.

The Respirator and Cloth Mask

… and respirators. It is a world we are not prepared for. The biomedical, sanitary, and technological advances of the … to open air passages in the throat and lungs. Jeffreys was so deeply committed to climate’s role in disease that he … masks proved effective in stopping the spread of infection when used by doctors. Cloth was used for makeshift masks …
Caricature of President Nixon in 1970.

Patrick J. Buchanan: a Populist, Not a Conservative

… will soon receive his party's $12.6 million, thanks to the Federal Election Commission, which ruled in a recent 5-1 … watched sadly as their candidate, Barry Goldwater, was beaten soundly by what they viewed as a liberal … of George Wallace. Wallace denounced "pointy-headed bureaucrats" and liberalism in general. Buchanan today does …
Cover of A History of Iran Empire of the Mind by Michael Axworthy.

Iran for Beginners

Review of A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind, by Michael Axworthy (New York. Basic Books. 2008)
… For several years, Iran has been at the center of international attention because of its … has endured multiple invasions by either men or ideas, and was thus never a tightly unified or a culturally or … the regime that included different groups such as liberals, socialists, students, and religious scholars. Axworthy also …
Secretary of State John Kerry continued his meetings in Lausanne with Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. Under Secretary Wendy Sherman and Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz are participating in the meetings.

Iran’s Nuclear Diplomacy

… Over the course of the past year international negotiators have … met periodically in Vienna in an attempt to accomplish what was long considered a near-impossible task. Once again they … by comparing it to having “a friend who swallows us whenever he gets hungry.” Indeed, independence, …
Vicente Fox Quesada

Will Fox be a Mexican Jefferson?

… internal warfare and repeated U.S. military interventions, the PRI, the Spanish acronym for the Institutionalized … candidate elected on July 2, Vicente Fox Quesada, was cautious and not so populist as to alarm entrenched … a precedent. If Fox manages to sidestep the dinosaurs of bureaucracy, and if the PRI will abandon its strongholds of …
Dian Fossey with mountain gorilla.

Dian Fossey: Conservationist in the Mist

… In the 1960s, famed paleontologist Louis Leakey challenged the … gorilla with an almost idealized image of a gorilla that was intelligent, family-oriented and peaceful. 1984 … invested we should become in their lives. However, when Walter Kronkite announced the murder of Digit by …
Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton by John Faed, featuring Blueskin.

Does Experience Really Help?

… Jimmy Carter. That's a pretty small group. Two have used up their two-term constitutional limit as presidents while the … Joe Biden's similar decades have merely made him merely a "Washington insider" apparently (although he too is a … administrative or political or foreign policy expertise. When each faced an unprecedented situation, he had the
Palais de Beaulieu

The Theological Third Way in Latin America

Review of A Gospel for the Poor: Global Social Christianity and the Latin American Evangelical Left, by David C. Kirkpatrick (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
… “Therefore go, and make disciples, baptizing them in the name … obeying his commandments—among the most important of which was to love one’s neighbor (Matthew 22:39 NIV).  Cold War … mandate for biblical social justice.  For example, when discussing the Micah Network, made of numerous …
Advertisement of an upcoming land sale by the United States Department of the Interior in 1911. The Interior Department published many similar advertisements to encourage white settlers to purchase "excess" reservation lands.

The Dawes Act

… Until the late nineteenth century, tribal nations across the … in which they resided. Indeed, the land allotment scheme was in one sense a project of social engineering , grounded … Chief of the Cherokee Nation had shown that “there was not a family in that whole Nation that had not a home of …
The Trials of Laura Fair by Carole Haber Book Cover.

A Woman Scorned?

Review of The Trials of Laura Fair: Sex, Murder, and Insanity in the Victorian West, by Carole Haber (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2013)
… Books with words like “sex,” “murder,” and “insanity” in their titles promise a level of excitement and intrigue … Fair’s case did not neatly fit the framework. Laura Fair was not the outraged spouse protecting the honor of her … the moral mythology of the United States and were evoked when convenient with little regard for the truth. In The
The flag of Ethiopia under the rule of the Derg, 1975-1987

Blind Aid: Lessons (Not Learned) from the Ethiopian Famine

… In the fall of 1984, Dr. Brigitte Vasset stood in the midst of … famine . As international aid entered the country, the Derg was allowed to continue its destructive war tactics. The … to cynicism, donor fatigue, and unintended consequences when aid actually makes the situation worse. By not trying …
A COVID-19 anti-lockdown protestor in Vancouver, Canada, May 2020

Going Viral: COVID Conspiracies in Historical Perspective

… As national governments and the global scientific community struggle to contain the … world found itself at war once again. This time, the enemy was far deadlier, moving invisibly through society. The … influenza in the camp…There was bound to be something wrong when the boys begun to die by the hundreds.” Governmental …

"Merchants of Death": The International Traffic in Arms

… In April 2012, Viktor Bout, perhaps the single biggest private arms trader in the world, was convicted in a New York court and sentenced to … guns and 28 million cartridges shipped from Hamburg. When Bodosakis received Spanish requests for arms, he passed …
Albert Hofmann

Albert Hofmann Discovers LSD

… Roman doctors described a disease called the sacred fire (sacer ignis) which by the Middle Ages came … to the Patient,” as one 1714 text put it. This disease was ergotism: poisoning produced by exposure to the … it took time for the genie to come out of its bottle. But when it finally did, the world changed. … Benjamin Breen … …
 Reagan in 1982.

Measuring Reagan for Greatness

… Ronald Reagan’s death, like the death of any president, raises the question of how he’ll … top ten — Bill Clinton (3), for example, outpolled George Washington (7) — seem unlikely to hold over the long term. … may never come to pass, but it’s still safe to say that when the history of the 20th century is written, the 40th …
El 5 de julio por S. Davies, Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

What’s Really At Stake in the Venezuelan Election

… On August 15, Venezuela will face the most important election in its history. It’s a critical … seize the opportunity to support democracy in Venezuela. When Venezuelans return to the polls on Aug. 15, the United … again. It is a strange irony that the very same people in Washington who lauded the military coup against President …
Mao proclaiming establishment of PRC.

The Establishment of the People’s Republic of China and Its Impacts

… On October 1, 1949,  Mao Zedong (1893-1976) stood on the rostrum of Tian’anmen (The Gate of Heavenly Peace) and … balance of power in China. In 1937, the Chinese Civil War was temporarily halted as the two parties formed the Second … foreign invasions, culminating in the establishment of a socialist state that would play a central role both in World …