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A History of Athens Beyond Decline

Review of Athens After Empire: A History from Alexander the Great to the Emperor Hadrian, by Ian Worthington (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… story, the myth relegates that city’s more interesting, complicated history to the margins. Ian Worthington’s latest … beginning of Macedonian hegemony after the battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE, through the wars of the successors to … Mithridates against Rome. As Worthington writes, “no one could accuse the Athenians of ignoring any opportunity, …
soldiers at the battle of Lincoln

King Stephen and The Anarchy: A Reign Reconsidered

… Matilda, daughter of Henry I, who fought Stephen for the throne. They now portray her as a skilled political strategist … figure in Anglo-Norman society, admired by both nobles and commoners for his wealth, charm, and decisiveness.  Stephen … Milestones …
Vice President Walter Mondale speaking with President Jimmy Carter.

Why the Vice-Presidential Nominees Will Be Presidential

… and the technology of the information age meant that comments made anywhere are now instantly transmitted … debates in every election since 1976 (except one) increased the visibility of vice-presidential … will wish to present himself as a person who would put someone of modest credentials a heartbeat from the Oval Office …
Cover of Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography by M. Hanioğlu.

Kemalism: "The Religion of the Turk"

Review of Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography, by M. Sukru Hanioglu (Princeton. Princeton University Press. 2011)
… to his actions while forming the Turkish Republic. One ideologue Hanioglu looks at is Colmar von der Goltz, a … leaders must be looked for among the occupants of thrones" (34). Goltz also envisioned Germany as an ethnic based nation-state, a model …
Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Restoring Russian Support for the War on Terror

… attack was the Russian president, Vladimir Putin. Putin’s phone call and promise to support the United States in … and Moscow are increasingly frayed, and Russia has become a determined foe of the American Middle East agenda. … Russians are unlikely to recoup even a fraction of that money. The same story in Iran: because of the long-standing …
A map showing Israel and Palestine

Palestine and Israel: A Case of Incomplete Decolonization

… framework of decolonization struggles. Violence has accompanied decolonization whenever the goal of political … of a late twentieth-century drive of colonial peoples to become sovereign nation-states. Much of the fury behind the … they cannot succeed. An imperial power, if there is one, must make the critical decisions to curb the ambitions …
Sergeant First Class Major Cleveland points out North Korean position to his machine gun crew, 1950.

Executive Order 9981 and the Integration of the American Military

… and lesser men. While African American soldiers and communities protested these conditions, the small size of … campaign, hundreds of Black men were trained and commissioned as officers in the U.S. Army. In 1940 Benjamin O. Davis … an imperfect reflection of American society and viewed as a site of inclusion and opportunity for Black people and other …
Hand-coloured woodcut of a Methodist camp meeting in Eastham, Massachusetts, c. 1850.

Promise Keepers Stake Male Claim to Moral and Political Power

… Tocqueville noted in the 1830s, Americans are renowned for combining “separation of church and state” with intense, … revivalism follows chronological cycles. It often becomes especially strong when shifts in the economy or in a … within the home. In addition, even though Promise Keepers officially promotes cooperation among men from varied ethnic …
Perry speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference in National Harbor, Maryland.

Governor Perry’s Vice-Presidential Mistake

… up from the nation's second job.     But Garner's pithy comment no longer describes the vice presidency.     The … first term.  Cheney took on the job, not as a stepping stone to the presidency, but because he saw value in being … of Perry's public service that gets little mention in his official biography.   The current vice president, Joe Biden, …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … freebooter or pirate.  To outsiders it looked as though someone had pirated the floor of the Senate.   By the early …  Filibusters outraged him, even though there had been only one a year between since 1900.  And there the practice …
Print of a tar and feathering in Boston from1774.

Economic Justice — in the Streets

… gains in the fall elections. Shredded documents, a stonewalling White House and congressional subpoenas may … public interest. Neither did Whitewater in the 1990s. Commentators can’t decide whether Americans are too … the property of the bank’s directors and lawyers. Exquisite houses came down, imported furniture burned in the …
President Bill Clinton in 1999.

History of Sixth-Year Elections Bodes Well for Democrats

… seats. In the light of this record, the Democrats have done remarkably well this year. This raises the all-important … It has happened twice before in this century, and the comparisons are instructive for the current situation. In … loss by a party controlling the presidency for more than one term has always prefigured that party’s loss of the …
STS-116 mission specialists, NASA astronaut Robert Curbeam and ESA astronaut Christer Fuglesang perform extravehicular activity (EVA) during construction of the International Space Station.

Facing Opportunities and Obstacles in Space

… the development of new technologies to reduce the cost and complexity of operating in space.   These proposals, … promise than reality.   Required commitments of time and money are beyond the reach of corporations. These commitments … the 2020s, perhaps too long a time for present-day elected officials to gain politically. Yet making space affordable …
A black and white photo of Barry Goldwater in 1962.

Rick Perry, Social Security, and the Ghost of Barry Goldwater

… criticized Social Security but later backed away from his comments after his Republican opponents and the press jumped all over him. Perry now finds … Goldwater’s perceived opposition to Social Security was one of the keys to Johnson’s victory. According to Benham, …
President Reagan in February 1985.

Will the GOP Find a New Reagan?

… a year ago and his inauguration in January is long gone. He’s rolled the dice on an ambitious but treacherous … For on the horizon in the late 1970s was Ronald Reagan. One of the most transformative figures — for good or for ill … They have shown no inclination toward the kind of compromise that characterized President Reagan on issues …
A U.S. Coast Guard boat approaches a sailboat with over 90 Haitian refugees in 1988. The refugees were later returned to Haiti.

Who is responsible for the Elian Gonzalez case?

… The Cubans of Miami? Well, if you want to hold someone responsible, then look to the Haitians. In 1994,  the … fair to most Americans. After all, Fidel Castro was a Communist dictator. The United States had to open its doors … political issue taking months to resolve.   And we have no one but the Haitians to thank for this controversy. Their …
Old man sitting alone in a park.

Social Security Reform for All

… which stand to make hundreds of millions in fees and commissions, and anti-welfare state conservative ideologues, … income, Social Security in the United States has long functioned as a supplementary “safety net.” It is designed to … people Social Security is their only pension. They are the ones who need relief from sharp increases in the 1980s and …
The Trials of Laura Fair by Carole Haber Book Cover.

A Woman Scorned?

Review of The Trials of Laura Fair: Sex, Murder, and Insanity in the Victorian West, by Carole Haber (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2013)
… a narrative worthy of the hype. Even if she had not committed and been tried for murder, Laura Fair would have … again, this time to an abusive partner whom she abandoned and later divorced. After her divorce, Laura decided to … did know right from wrong? A tricky question and one that Laura Fair’s trials did not answer.. The trials of …
Photo of "Fighting Bob" La Follette

Lessons for the Nader Camp: ‘Fighting Bob’ La Follette in 1924

… in a sea of political corruption, a caring man genuinely committed to protecting consumers, promoting peace and … this vote will be a real blow against corruption and complacency and a powerful statement for the environment and … the first independent presidential candidate to be backed officially by the American Federation of Labor. Nader has a …
Portrait of General Winfield Scott.

When “Sensitivity” Has Opened the Road to Victory

… Cheney told a Dayton, Ohio, gathering on Aug. 12 that none of America’s victories in war can be attributed to “being sensitive.” To support his point, he summoned some of the heavy guns of America’s wartime leadership: … one of the most sensitive and successful coalition commanders of all time. Cheney forgets that Ike diverted …
President John F. Kennedy delivers an address on the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.

Historical Analogies: Handle With Care

… Historical analogies, comparing something in the present with what appears to be … equal. Some are better — or at least more useful when it comes to seeking guidance from history — than others. A case … will probably be necessary for the chief executive to make one or more difficult, even crucial foreign-policy …
Bande dessinée par Ali Delim pour marquer la vingtième anniversaire de la mort de Saïd Mekbel

1/30/2015: Les dangers d'être humoriste: Charlie Hebdo n’est pas le seul

… Hebdo a suscité une recherche profonde pour découvrir comment les hommes armés sont venus à être si irrités par … avec des conséquences mortelles leur colère envers des comiques dont le travail a été jugé blasphématoire ou opposé … que d’autres travailleurs des médias en dehors des zones de combat pour se retrouver dans le collimateur des …
President George W. Bush

Propaganda: Necessary but Difficult

… World War I, President Woodrow Wilson established the Committee on Public Information, led by journalist George … audiences around the world, largely through the format of honest and open news. In everything it did, the Office of War … a way designed to counter the attacks of opponents abroad. Officials have a tough task ahead of them. In World War II, …