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Barry Goldwater in 1964.

The History of the “Right Wing Conspiracy”

… They argue that the Monica Lewinsky matter would never have come up save for the lawsuit filed by Paula Jones. Conservative donors in part funded the suit, they … United States has always contained a radical fringe. Its opponents have often used this charge against it. After 1933, …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United … unequal. It also means that curriculums vary greatly from one school building to the next. 5. Educational reformers … as when the National Endowment for the Humanities commissioned UCLA historians to develop a new curriculum for grades …
A Marine Corps M1 Abrams tank patrols a Baghdad street after its fall in 2003 during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Who Will Pay for Iraq and When?

… of the Iraq war is no surprise: historically, wars cost money, lots of it. In the past, paying for wars has often … of taxing citizens. Lotteries, an essential source of income for 42 states today, helped pay for the Revolutionary … to 91 percent. Excess-profits taxes brought in even more money, as did sales of savings bonds. And those were “good” …
illustration of Prince George IV

Unspoken Anxiety or Vivid Metaphor?

Review of Itch, Clap, Pox: Venereal Disease in the Eighteenth-Century Imagination, by Noelle Gallagher (New Haven: Yale, 2019)
… (syphilis), artists explored social phenomena including commercialization, globalization, gender, race, and class. … Gallagher describes how scarring from venereal disease was compared to battlefield wounds as marks of honor, and were … argument. William Hogarth's A Harlot's Progress, "Plate One" (1732) Furthermore, the sources on which Gallagher …
The Favorites of Emperor Honorius by John William Waterhouse depicts the emperor's court in the 5th century CE.

Financing Salvation in Late Antiquity

Review of The Ransom of the Soul: Afterlife and Wealth in Early Western Christianity, by Peter Brown (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2015.)
… and the dead and how they understood the correct use of money as being instrumental in achieving salvation. Rather … in the secular world. Fittingly, since it was none other than Peter Brown who defined the years 250-650 CE … of the living, and that the property of the church had come to be thought of as being held as a trust with which to …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… strong army.”  Global knowledge also became a cornerstone of the Restoration. Half of the Meiji ruling elite … Assistance.  “As the first non-Western nation to become a developed country, Japan built itself into a country … described . “It is our hope that Japan will serve as one of the best examples for developing countries to follow …
Graffiti reading "Ireland a Nation, Irish and Free"

The Provisional Irish Republican Army

… Catholic Republic of Ireland, an utterly unacceptable outcome. They therefore fiercely fought the civil rights … the six counties. Peaceful Catholic marches were met with stones, police batons, and water cannons. By August 1969, … with the Provisionals confident that they were the only ones who truly represented the Irish nation. The Provisional …
Image of a large turkey on a postcard from the early 1900s.

The First “First Thanksgiving”

… for their living. We see it in the figures carved from stone and images painted or scribed on cave walls during … Thanksgiving.” For 136 years, Thanksgiving has been a day commemorated across America. It gives us a moment to recall … by the Plymouth Pilgrims and Indians rather than the one experienced by the St. Augustine Spaniards and Indians. …
Iraq by Raymond Bucko SJ on Flickr, cc by 2.0

Redeeming Honor — the South and Iraq

… behavior and ideals. That code fuels the enmity of our opponents throughout the Arab world. Yet Washington … hospitality shown to his relatives — with tacit American compliance. Or Osama bin Laden’s operatives could have been … from the former Confederacy. That withdrawal permitted one-party rule, an epidemic of lynchings, Jim Crow laws, …

We Won’t Shut up and Dribble: A Short History of Black Athletic Protest

… hunted EVERYDAY/EVERYTIME we step foot outside the comfort of our homes! Can't even go for a damn jog man! Like … country searching for competition, bragging rights, and money. Without a league or association, this erratic schedule … larruped Max Schmeling in a rematch. Landing thirty-one of forty-one punches to Schmeling's two, Louis triumphed …
Bust of Senator Robert La Follette in the Wisconsin State Capitol.

When Principle May Be the Best Policy

… the Democratic Party may self-destruct during the coming elections because it’s becoming softer on the war. … like those who have simply lost their moral compass. War opponents increasingly find themselves echoing the philosophy … in Iraq, is running against political newcomer and war opponent Philip Dunkelbarger. In the third district of La …

Colombia: Al Borde de la Paz con las FARC?

… Castro y supervisado por el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas, Ban-Ki Moon, el presidente de Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, y el comandante supremo de las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de … la clave necesaria para garantizar el éxito de las negociaciones. El gobierno y las guerrillas ahora estarían listos …
Photo of a healthcare worker holding an elderly person's hand.

Ducking Out on Retiree Benefits

… on a mix of public and private pensions. Like it or not, company pensions are part of public policy. This struggle … to offer pensions, 84 percent did not actually set money aside to fund these obligations. They also attached … government’s Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, pensioners stand to lose 20 to 50 percent of the value of their …
Cover of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm by Harold James.

Blood and Steel

Review of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm, by Harold James (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… crimes." 1 Partially as a result, the name Krupp has become synonymous with war profiteering, armaments and the … workers. 6 While the firm did make a good deal of money during the war, James argues that the Krupp firm's … Perhaps symbolic of this change, the Shah of Iran became one of Krupp's largest investors. 10 James does an excellent …
General George S. Patton waving to crowds in Los Angeles, California in 1945.

Pragmatic de-Baathification is Key to Rebuilding Iraq

… or expediency.” (This situation replicated itself in the communist states of eastern Europe; Vaclav Klaus, the first … could not be completely disarmed and weakened (as envisioned in presidential directive 1067) as long as there was a … the Soviet Union soured. Directive 1067 was quietly abandoned, the German military reconstructed, and in 1955 the …
A memorial to the Heaven’s Hundred in Kyiv. Serhii Kemsky’s photo is in black and white under the words Nebesna sotnia.

Heroes Never Die

… unite to take direct action against government officials. “None of this will be easy,” he wrote in a December 2013 … 24, 2022, it was a dramatically different country than the one that moved Serhii Nihoyan to leave Dnipropetrovsk for … and it is successful because Ukrainians have done this before. The dreams, values, and actions of Maidan’s …
Cover of Famine: A Short History by Cormac Ó Gráda.

Famine: A Short History

Review of Famine: A Short History, by Cormac O Grada (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… visions of Malthus, Ehrlich, and other doomsayers have not come to pass.  Drawing on a rich variety of government … Migration was the most effective coping mechanism and functioned as a safety valve, reducing pressure on resources in … into the future.  Global food production has increased by one-third since the early 1960s and is outpacing human …
An image of the castle in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Orlando.

Banning Harry Potter

… too crude for refined readers. Twenty years later, critics complained that the characters were poor role models. By the … the Harry Potter books as potentially threatening. Opponents argue that censorship is detrimental to students’ … Potter may rival Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield to become one of America’s most banned boys. Elizabeth D. Schafer is …
President Clinton and Vice President Gore sitting in the Oval Office in 1996.

An October Surprise Again?

… vice president, and Richard Nixon, his Republican opponent. This prospect was labeled the October Surprise. The … public diplomacy might lessen the value of such an accomplishment as a true surprise. A revived round of … is close. A real October Surprise could sway the results one way or another. Its absence in previous years doomed …
Cover of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York’s Destruction by Max Page.

The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction

Review of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction, by Max Page (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008)
… of the text.  In examining roughly two hundred years of comic, filmic, propagandic, and literary portrayals of the … demolition via flood and fire (with their Biblical overtones) are enduring modes, but they have some different … that contributes to or causes the destruction. My one desire in this book would have been to see Page …
"The National Game. Three Outs and One Run." Drawing depicting the four candidates of the 1860 United States presidential election (L to R): John Bell, Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and Abraham Lincoln. The artist is comparing the election to a baseball game.

The Election of 1860 and Secession — to Preserve Slavery

… initiated." That evening, in a foreshadowing of events to come, fireworks lit the sky above Fort Sumter. Who could … Alexander Stephens described as a nation whose "corner-stone rests upon the great truth, that the negro is not equal … the breakaway republic, secessionists were completely honest in explaining why they desired a separate country. On …
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moroni3a07131u.jpg

Joseph Smith Discovers the Gold Plates

… day: treasure seeking. Joseph Sr. was, by the 1820s, a seasoned veteran of hunting for buried goods; Joseph Jr., … being able to find hidden objects by looking into a seer stone, of which he had several. For many during this period, … occurred, in part, through Smith using the same seer stone he had previously used in treasure quests.  The Book of …