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The Warren Court (1953–1969).

Blending Empathy and Justice

… on the Supreme Court, appears before the Senate judiciary committee. Obama raised the subject when he identified “that … with people’s hopes and struggles, as an essential ingredient for arriving at just decisions and outcomes.” … “that quality of empathy . . . as an essential ingredient for arriving at just decisions and outcomes.”   Nixon …
A refrigerator advertisement in The Ladies Home Journal, 1948.

The Feminine Mystique

… magazine. She went on to Smith College, where she studied psychology and completed a year of graduate work at the University of … The Fountain of Age in 1993 as well as two memoirs. She died on her 85th birthday in 2006.   Despite Friedan’s …
Whig cartoon showing the effects of unemployment on a family that has portraits of Democratic Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren on the wall.

The Bank Crisis Blame Game, Then and Now

… our mess won’t solve our own. The causes of any panic are complex. Who we choose to blame determines the solutions we … had deregulated the American banking system. Offering easy credit without central regulation, hundreds of new … of these panics. Foreign investors, greedy speculators, complex financial instruments and soaring commodity prices …
Charles E. Wilson being sworn in

Beyond Civil Rights

… Board of the President’s Initiative on Race in June, commentators greeted the news with low expectations. Fifty … “Electric Charlie” Wilson of General Electric to chair his Committee on Civil Rights, few people expected much from his committee or from the President, a lame-duck, border-state …
Cover of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North by Thomas J. Sugrue.

Movement North

Review of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North, by Thomas J. Sugrue (New York: Random House, 2008)
President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967.

How to Intervene and Get Out

… the Dominican capital, to stop what it believed was a communist insurgency there. The action was heavily … because Johnson exaggerated the threat of outside communists in what was a civil conflict. Yet the President … for the aftermath than many said were needed. U.S. soldiers soon spread themselves too thin. It took them more …
Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… spirit and with a large gesture invite an enemy to become an angel without further preparation or a flying … in vodka, brandy and other fire waters with the concomitant excitement of thrusting an opponent through the … the two unfortunate royal advisors who were invited to become angels that afternoon “without further preparation or a …
On the first day of the uprising, protesters assembled around the fountain outside the Jeollanam-do Provincial Office, a site that would become central to the struggle against military oppression. Courtesy of the 5.18 Foundation.

Gwangju Isn’t Over

… as a “city of peace and human rights,” emphasizing the community’s legacy of peaceful organization and solidarity, … the event continues to resist any singular description. Its complexity is reflected in the many names used to describe … through major streaming platforms for international audiences.  Works like these reenact “what happened” and draw …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … remaining two examine the interconnections among these bodies of water after 1492. This organization keeps the book’s … a crucial role throughout this book. For instance, the medieval kingdom of Sri Vijaya in Sumatra thrived because its …
Cover of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile by Helen Rappaport.

Conspirator: Lenin in Exile

Review of Conspirator: Lenin in Exile, by Helen Rappaport (New York, NY: Basic Books, 2010)
… and which the young Lenin read five times (14).  Lenin's commitment to activism strengthened in college, first at … of St. Petersburg, where he, like many of his peers, studied Marx, finding the theory to be a "sound and scientific" … Lenin as a fanatic, Rappaport provides a context for his commitment.  The second theme which Rappaport explores is …
Cover of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920 by Dorothy Ann Pettit and Janice Bailie.

Before There Was Swine Flu

Review of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920, by Dorothy A. Pettit and Janice Bailie (Timberlane Books, 2008)
… was upgrading the recent outbreak of H1N1 influenza, more commonly known as "swine flu," to a global pandemic. … young adults, those between 18 and 40, were most likely to die of influenza. The greatest strength of this book is the … of people off work. They evoke the frightening scenes of bodies stacked in morgues. They also discuss changes in …
Hurricane Elena photographed from Space Shuttle Discovery, September 1, 1985

Rough Weather Ahead

Review of Sea of Storms: A History of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean from Columbus to Katrina, by Stuart B. Schwartz (Princeton University Press, 2015)
… . Young Hamilton survived this encounter and went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United …
San Francisco frae the Marin Heidlands, with the Gowden Gate Brig in the foregroond.

The Real West Is an Urban West

… sprawling suburbs on the Colorado plains, and multi-ethnic communities in Los Angeles, perhaps ending up with a latte … Professor in the Nohad A. Toulan School of Urban studies & Planning at Portland State University, Ore., and a …
The West Virginia State Penitentiary electric chair, also known as "Old Sparky."

The Truth About Capital Punishment: It’s Inherently Cruel

… procedure — is counter-productive. It's impossible to completely humanize an execution. There's always suffering … anesthetized or not. A prisoner could be unable to move and communicate but still be conscious during an agonizing … cruelty — but no one is deliberately cruel. Cruelty can come not only from sadistic intentions but from utopian …

Erasing Indigenous History, Then and Now

… Santorum, April 2021 Former Pennsylvania senator (and CNN commentator) Rick Santorum made those comments at a conservative student organization-hosted … focused once or perhaps twice a year during our social studies classes. Samoset entering the Plymouth settlement in …
electrical towers

Energy, Deregulation and Prosperity

… of electric power, also used oil to fuel the ever longer commute to work at jobs that the electric power industry and … doing things differently, California created a new energy commission that followed the advice of energy guru Amory … as usual. Conservation and soft energy faded as the computer and Internet revolutions and the discovery of …
Administrative building in the Hague in 1939.

First World War of the Twenty-First Century?

… Now the question again surfaces: will the international community be able to avoid the slide toward war? It remains … these questions. Multinational corporations and worldwide communications, among other things, have created a global … Nikolas K. Gvosdev is a senior fellow for strategic studies at The Nixon Center in Washington and a writer for the …

About Origins

… "For insight into the complicated and complicating events ... , one needs perspective, not … the foundations of today’s events, and explore the often complicated nature of a particular current event. Our …