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Power lines.

Blackouts: Symptoms of Our Dependence

… year of anticipating “Y2K” has served to remind us that the computers we call “personal” actually answer to specialized … American life has resulted in decreasing measures of both competence and control by ordinary citizens over the vital … Yorkers, at least, mixed their surprise with a reserve of composure and patience that many believed had long since …
A judge's gavel resting in front of legal books.

Windows and the Bench: Microsoft and the Judges

… industrial power in the Railroad Age. Like so many complex cases decided under that statute, this one will take … modern conditions. But the procedures of the act, which commit antitrust decisions to the judiciary and the … Thomas Penfield Jackson. If the name of another, less gutsy, judge had been called, there might never have been a …
Howard Dean speaking at a rally in 2003.

How to Rise from the Political Deathbed

… Howard Dean’s current bid to chair the Democratic National Committee is a test case of his political viability. It’s … consumption, but originally directed at a much smaller audience. Several politicians provide excellent examples of … by his spirited speech. Should the Democratic National Committee chairmen elect him as its new head Feb. 12, it …
Mr. Ernesto Zedillo, Chair GDN Board of Directors, kicks off the 10th annual GDN conference.

Broken Promises in Mexico

… bilateral trade, illegal immigration, and joint efforts to combat drug trafficking. Political reform in Mexico should … these words of praise ring hollow. Zedillo has shown little commitment to reform. In fact, he recently supported legislation which gutted proposed changes to Mexico’s electoral system, thus …
A girl stands amid the graves of 70 children on the outskirts of Dadaab. The long desert journey to the relief camps has claimed many lives.

Famine Strikes Again. Will America Respond?

… by a massive drought. Millions were forced to flee their communities in search of food, but there was little to find. … for children.   Herbert Hoover, then U.S. secretary of commerce, responded.   Hoover quickly gained support from … bandits. The word desperation is an understatement when it comes to the plight of Somali refugees.   The first …
Philippoteaux - Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag.

The Challenges of 1848 Reprised in the Middle East Today

… Some pundits have compared the recent uprisings in the Middle East to the … attracted to American democracy and technology, including communications technology such as Facebook, which has helped … revolutionary leaders used new communications media such cheap newspapers and steam railroads along with speeches and …
"We the People" Inscription located on the facade of the National Constitution Center.

How Europe Might Learn from American Constitution-Making

… almost fully yoked themselves together under a single encompassing charter. What's more, the boundaries of the … and the unpopularity of its nation's many governments that commentators are stressing as they assess the one-two punch the European constitution has just absorbed. Those commentators need to look elsewhere – to some basic failures …
Jefferson High School Marching Colonials perform on the steps of National Archives Building on Constitution Day, September 17, 1974.

Let’s Do Something Constitutional on Constitution Day

… 2, Section 2, couldn’t be clearer: “The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United … there any grant of the sweeping powers now claimed for the commander in chief. Indeed, the congressional power to … of resorting to violence. The Framers made the president commander in chief for efficiency and to avoid a dangerous …
US Marine Corps during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003.

“Operation Mississippi Freedom”: When State-Sponsored Terrorism Was American

… including 35 churches and numerous homes in this state. McComb, Miss., came to be known that summer as the bombing … Hamer’s famous, riveting testimony before the credentials committee at the 1964 Democratic National Convention, for … of success of Operation Iraqi Freedom, we should compare the means and results of the two attempts to achieve …
President Eisenhower in Holland in 1951.

Will the United States Start a New Nuclear Arms Race?

… massive arms race. The U.S. government conducted special studies to see how much damage Soviet atomic bombs could … Bush faces the prospect of North Korea or even Iran becoming a nuclear power. China, India, Pakistan, Great … reduce tensions between the two superpowers. Today, a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty (banning all types of …
A wheat field in Ukraine resembles the colors on the country's flag.

Ukraine: The Breadbasket of Europe

… concern about the war’s impact on global agricultural commodity markets: the disruption to Ukrainian agricultural … consumption of meat and dairy products.   Through subsidies, as well as price and trade controls, meat production … expansion of the livestock sector was reversed as subsidies were largely eliminated. Russia, Ukraine, and …
Mosul Grand Mosque in 2007

Bush Needs War — FAST

… UN weapons inspectors be given months or even a year to complete further investigations in that country, President … early 1970s, two or more years after the escalation of U.S. combat in Vietnam. Protest movements took time to gain … and cable TV stations, talk radio, and the Internet. Combat has not even started, yet Bush is up against a …
illustration of people around a fire ring

The Causes and Costs of Barrenness

Review of Infertility in Early Modern England, by Daphna Oren-Magidor (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017)
… and legacy. Women, on the other hand, struggled to comes to terms with their infertility in large part because … of women continued to rely on ‘kitchen physic,’ or remedies made at home with widely available ingredients. Her examination of this dimension of infertility is …
Vice President Walter Mondale speaking with President Jimmy Carter.

Why the Vice-Presidential Nominees Will Be Presidential

… and the technology of the information age meant that comments made anywhere are now instantly transmitted … obtained new resources that have allowed them to become significant ongoing participants in the White House. … be worthy presidents. The new context aligns political expediency more closely with considerations of good government. …
Tilden illustration - a hand on another hand that is on a gun on a table with papers

Top Ten Origins: Other “Unprecedented” Elections in American History

… in the moment. Some, however, really do represent something completely new in American political history, and not always … set subsequent political norms, permanently altered the composition of national political coalitions, or revealed … involving a federal election commission, railroad subsidies, and the renewed threat of regional violence, Hayes was …
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walking on the moon in 1969 with the American flag behind them.

Thirty Years since Apollo 11

… economic system. Apollo was also a stunning technological accomplishment. NASA moved in eight years from launching a man … last year, six American rockets, three military and three commercial, have failed, with a loss of more than $3 … demonstrate that interest in space exploration has never died. What is changing now is the economic and political …
Dorothea Lange's Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936.

Another Great Depression?

… Here's why.   The Great Depression was the result of the combination of the 1929 financial crisis and serious … It was pumped up by over-lending by banks and financial companies and over-borrowing by Wall Street. Rising interest … its borrowing power. The bulk of the U.S. economy's income went to the to top 1 percent of the nation's families, …
Photo of "Fighting Bob" La Follette

Lessons for the Nader Camp: ‘Fighting Bob’ La Follette in 1924

… in a sea of political corruption, a caring man genuinely committed to protecting consumers, promoting peace and … this vote will be a real blow against corruption and complacency and a powerful statement for the environment and … W. Bush, a member of the establishment elite. "The time has come," declared La Follette in a statement nearly identical …
William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States.

Zealous Moderates: Barack Obama and William Howard Taft

… season brings a new round of presidential analogies and comparisons. Two years into his presidency, Barack Obama has already seen his share. Supporters have compared him to Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry … strategy has disadvantages. Namely, as the process becomes a political football, the president gets blamed by …
Young Child dressed in a Uncle Sam costume

Coming to America to Contribute

Review of Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century, by Robert L. Fleegler Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
… United States is characterized by three great waves of newcomers. The first wave came primarily from Ireland, Germany, … movies typically depicted Italian, Irish, and Jewish soldiers fighting alongside their WASP comrades. The stated … decently. But, opinion polling revealed that most soldiers continued to harbor prejudice towards ethnic …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… Yet alongside the victories of independence came the tragedies of partition, whereby British-ruled India was divided … into two separate, independent states. The violence that accompanied partition, which led to the death of up to a … of millions more, ranks among the worst human tragedies of the twentieth century. Seventy years on, the world …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… of the 1913 march had their organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called … about women voting. The organizers of the 1913 parade accomplished all this in the face of obstacles that those of …
Etching of Theodore Roosevelt.

Our Federal Government: Still for Sale

… TV age, campaigning is expensive business. Today’s bribes come in the form of enormous but legal campaign … and politicians. But today’s media — and today’s audiences — are more interested in tawdry sex scandals than in … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …