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Paul Bremer in 2003.

Iraq Repeats Long-Ago Mistakes in the Philippines

… some 6,000 dead and wounded. Perhaps 20,000 Filipino soldiers and hundreds of thousands of civilians were … force will be counterproductive in Iraq. Negotiation and compromise will help us sort out Iraqi patriots from … the Iraqi resistance have gotten the point. Saddam is never coming back, and Washington will not allow Muqtada al-Sadr, …
lab tech with vaccine

Vaccines and Responsible Parenthood

Review of Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization, by Elena Conis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… scientists hoped that vaccines could be used to eradicate common childhood diseases such as mumps and rubella. Yet … eradicated. Conis writes, “Nature was something to be overcome with technological breakthroughs and scientific … regarding mumps, which was regarded as a harmless and comical disease of childhood. These diseases, once …
St. Catherine of Siena depicted on a wood panel.

Speaking Truth to Catholic Power

… scandal. Frustrated by a few unrepentant prelates, Keating compared their conspiratorial behavior to that of the Mafia. … to his lawyer and not enough to his heart.” Calling those comments “the last straw,” Mahoney announced he would seek … more amazing, though, is that he listened. After Gregory died in Rome, Catherine hoped his successor, Pope Urban VI, …
A military reservist, called to service in the wake of the disaster, involved in the decontamination process.

Chernobyl and the Cost of Lies

… the explosion. A plant employee at work, mid-1980s. In any complex system, accidents are inevitable, but the Soviet … ascendancy the Soviet Union wanted to project was a lie. Commitment to this image by Soviet authorities meant that … to the crisis. Emily Watson’s Khomyuk, most notably, is a composite character meant to represent several of the …
Cazy Freewill Baptist Church in West Virginia, USA.

Faith-Based Groups Should Be Careful What Whey Wish For

… from religious life, because government money always comes with strings attached. Understanding that, in the late … Still, many religious leaders in poor neighborhoods welcome any help for their impoverished parishioners and … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
PPI Drug Testing by Cambodia, PPI Network, CC BY 2.0, Flickr

Pro Sports Can Run, But They Can’t Hide

… The chair of the House Government Reform Committee, Tom Davis, House Democrat Henry Waxman and Senate … only 22 percent of Americans believe that Congress should become involved in the problems of baseball. According to one … benefited from exemptions to the anti-trust laws, subsidies for stadium construction and an assortment of federal …
Ronald Reagan toasting at a State Dinner during his presidency.

Behind the Reagan Myths, a Mediocre Presidency

… number of letters that prove he was no dummy. A historian’s complaint, however, is larger than chagrin at the number of … nation to alter its perceptions, values and policies. The comfortable old ways will no longer do. Reagan had an … Indeed, it was known when he took office, for two national commissions (the 1972 National Commission on Population and …
UN forces crossing the 38th Parallel in 1950.

Why We Need to Rearm Iraq

… by hostile states or require an open-ended U.S. military commitment to Iraq. In short, this issue is of crucial … in the Middle East. It will also determine the future commitment of the United States to Iraq. Maj. Gen. Paul … will pay much greater costs down the line. Those costs will come in the form either of regional instability that could …
Radio World's Fair in 1926.

“Black Tuesday” After 70 Years

… the words “The End” on a popular, long-running American comedy named “The Roaring Twenties: The New Era of Eternal … With the failure of the individualistic market economy, community-oriented values made a strong comeback.  One of the most common misconceptions about the …
Khrushchev during his visit to the Agricultural Research Service Center in Maryland.

Khrushchev’s Great American Road Trip

Review of Nikita Khrushchev's Journey into America, by Lawrence J. Nelson and Matthew G. Schoenbachler (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2019)
… September 1959 Nikita Khrushchev, General Secretary of the Communist Party and Premier of the Soviet Union , arrived in … The opportunity to share in this journey, to imagine the complications and sheer exhaustion of meals, receptions, … and frustrations, clashes of expectations and uncomfortable situations for participants on both sides. They …
The Dalai Lama waves to a crowd during a visit to the Netherlands in the 1980s.

Hong Kong and Tibet

… As China completes its takeover of Hong Kong, it should be remembered … spiritual leader, to take actions that made him a little uncomfortable (just as they have already directed Hong Kong’s … after the “early spring, 1952, there followed a period of uneasy truce with the Chinese authorities.” Gradually, though, …
Illustration of Packing Room in Opium Factory at Patna, India

The World of Opium: From “Free” to Illicit Trade

Review of Opium’s Long Shadow: From Asian Revolt to Global Drug Control , by Steffen Rimner (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… of Chinese defeat in the face of British imperial power and commercial interests. China wanted to stem the flow of opium … to prioritize anti-drug trafficking laws as an important component of their activities. In his aptly named Opium’s … It was only in response to transnational pressure from bodies such as SSOT that the British government set up a Royal …
Mikhail Gorbachev and President Ronald Reagan posing for a photograph in the White House Library.

The American “Nation Building” Mission and Russia

… details of domestic issues, the most eye-opening comments on foreign policy have stemmed from Gov. George W. … The stark differences between the two candidates' comments tend to obscure the fact that Republicans, as well … at heart." A notion so deeply entrenched will not be easy to change, but in the new century, a sound and …
Photo of Ernest Hemingway smiling.

The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles

Review of The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles, by Stephen Koch (New York: Counterpoint, 2005)
… spread to the Spanish conflict. Robles went to his death a committed Stalinist, but to shroud the reality of the … as a fascist spy. Dos Passos was politically astute and a committed leftist though not a declared Stalinist. … a lethal wound. Dos Passos lived until 1970, but his art died in 1937. Koch's book is light on the history of the …
Sonia Sotomayor, U.S. Supreme Court justice.

Attacks on Sotomayor Ignore Court’s History and Makeup

… process. What’s unusual is that conservatives are complaining about the Court at the same time they’re … the presidents who appointed them are gone, the Court’s composition frequently lags behind the country’s political … Justices who were popular when they took office often become jarringly out of touch before they leave. They’re like …
Detail from the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol.

Common Good and Common Evil in American Religion

Review of America’s Religious Wars: The Embattled Heart of Our Public Life, by Kathleen M. Sands (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2019)
… you do not discuss religion, sex, or politics in polite company. Sex to one side, in America’s Religious Wars, … lives, such as equality, freedom, limited government, community, dignity, and the distribution of resources. … as Sands sees it, religion-talk does not provide a common language with which to agree on visions, solutions, …
Monti's parents receive his Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama during a ceremony in the White House, September 17, 2009.

Leave the Medal of Honor Alone!

… the department to upgrade other decorations that soldiers have received in action to the Medal of Honor. They … whether there is an inadvertent subjective bias amongst commanders that has contributed to the low numbers of awards … them, including 864 awarded during the Civil War to the soldiers of the 27th Maine, who received the medal simply for …
 protests by the Yellow Vest movement

France at the Barricades, 1934

… passed a vote of confidence in Prime Minister Édouard Daladier’s government. But based on advice from army and police officials and political advisors, Daladier stepped down to avoid increased violence. For the first … French cities. In fact, the riots of February 6 th have become shorthand to describe the protests and violence that …
A plume of smoke rising from a neighborhood in Beirut following an Israeli strike in 2006.

Why Israel’s Campaign Will Likely Fail

… see Israel’s response to the capture of three of its soldiers as entirely justified. Why not, they ask, punish those … so today will ensure that Israelis and Lebanese continue to die in vain. Michael H. Creswell is in associate professor …
Schools often have dedicated computer labs which different classes share for studying and research.

The Fifth Wave?

… appliances, and new opportunities in electronics, telecommunications, and aerospace. In the United States the … corporate reorganization, and the challenge of new overseas competitors. Past patterns suggest that the United States … century. Carl Abbott is a professor of urban studies and planning at Portland State University, Ore., and a …
Portrait of Galileo Galilei by Justus Sustermans

400 Years Ago the Catholic Church Prohibited Copernicanism

What lessons can be learned from the thought and actions of Galileo, who became the “Father of Modern Science”?
… continues to our day. Do these Church actions prove the incompatibility between science and religion? What lessons can … into trouble. A geocentric model of the solar system (top) compared to the heliocentric model (bottom) Galileo … In February-March 1615, one Dominican friar filed a written complaint against him, and another one testified in person …
The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young Book Cover.

Fifty Years and Counting

Review of The Postcolonial State in Africa: Fifty Years of Independence, 1960-2010, by Crawford Young (Chicago: University of Wisconsin Press, 2012)
… State , the preceding volume to this work, Young adopts a comparative approach. As he outlines in his introduction, a …
A bison in Yellowstone National Park.

Why the Buffalo Still Roam

… ethics of the robber barons. Between 1871 and 1883, commercial hide hunters slaughtered buffalo by the millions. … the resulting public outcry finally allowed Congress to overcome the railroads and pass a law creating meaningful …