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Cover of Science under Fire Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett.

Science Beseiged

Review of Science Under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America, by Andrew Jewett (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 2020)
… or environmental poisoning, for instance—COVID-19 was compelling “people everywhere . . . to put their immediate … opportunism . . . are being brought to heel by the pincer combination of shared values and facts on the ground” ( … Frequent exhortations to “Follow the Science” and its common variation, “Trust the Science,” became not rallying …
Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).

Jefferson: Founding Father and Connoisseur

… luxury and self-indulgence with the stern defender of the common man we know from history textbooks. As chief … parlor. He took down the second story and added a dome to complete the perfectly proportioned facade that looks out at … sacrificing what he called “the pursuit of happiness,” embodied in nothing so much as our national pursuit of real …
Escobar: Paradise Lost, directed by Andrea Di Stefano

2/6/2015: At the Movies: Escobar

… Nick and Maria decided they must flee from Escobar’s soldiers. Entrance to Hacienda Napoles, the main Escobar compound, with a gate adorned with Escobar's first smuggling … point out his tactics of assassination, employing child soldiers, and bankrolling local officials. Painted Portrait of …
school girls in class - Studying biology and physics from English textbooks presents challenges in understanding the material but is necessary because their state examinations will be in English.

A Postcard from Pakistan: Girls Education in Gilgit-Baltistan

… Northern Pakistan to trek in the shadows of some of the tallest mountains on earth. As a launching pad to the Nanga … of only 0.75 years of schooling during their lifetime as compared to rural boys who receive 10.76 years. Further, … language, biology, English, math, physics, and Islamic studies. When I walked into their classrooms, they were shy to …
Depiction of the eleven-month-long siege of the Russian naval base at Sevastopol, Crimea, during the Crimean War

Crimea: A General Introduction

Review of Crimea: A History, by Neil Kent London: Hurst & Company, 2016.
… Kent attempts to fix that and introduce Crimea to a wider audience with his new book Crimea: A History . Kent, who is … the Greeks, the Romans, and the Goths, among others. This comprises the first chapter of Kent’s history. The next … however. The book is clearly intended for a more general audience, and if Kent’s intention was to encourage interest …
Mural in Guernica based on the Picasso painting. 

Guernica and the Horrors of Modern War

… Guernica was not the first strategically insignificant, non-combatant town ever to be targeted for aerial bombardment, … in collaboration with the Spanish Nationalists under the command of General Francisco Franco , left little doubt that … dramatically from the darker earth tones of the rest of the composition. It therefore seems right to say that the …
From left to right, Attorney General John Ashcroft and FBI Director Robert Mueller in 2001.

Attorneys General Who Cry Wolf

… of immigrants were rounded up on vague suspicion of communist or anarchist sympathies. Ashcroft and his aides have indicated, commendably, that they want to avoid the civil liberties … Nov. 9, Ashcroft commented, “When terrorism threatens our future, we cannot afford to live in the past.” Ashcroft, for …
Israeli troops during the battle for the Sinai

The Suez Crisis (1956)

… the international order was disrupted by the Suez Crisis, a complicated imbroglio marked by the intersection of European … Premier Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Company after the United States and Britain refused to … effect on November 7, tensions gradually eased. UNEF soldiers arrived in Egypt on November 15 and were positioned …
Cover of Atatürk: An Intellectual Biography by M. Hanioğlu.

Kemalism: "The Religion of the Turk"

Review of Ataturk: An Intellectual Biography, by M. Sukru Hanioglu (Princeton. Princeton University Press. 2011)
… in Foreign Affairs in the Department of Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University, offers a unique and in-depth … Darwinism, who shaped Ataturk's ideas about the role of soldiers and military leaders in a society. Goltz famously said "born rulers are also great soldiers; and it is easy to conceive that the greatest military …
Martin Luther King Jr. Day March at Southern Arkansas University.

Martin Luther King Jr. Day: A Holiday the Nation Resisted

… the holiday or diminished it by linking it to Confederate commemorations.  Federal recognition had finally arrived, … emerged—unpaid holidays, ceremonial proclamations, or commemorations folded into existing calendars. These efforts … a federal holiday was the one the nation already felt comfortable claiming: the dreamer at the Lincoln Memorial, …
Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) Book Cover

Ho Chi Minh: A Biography

Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
… at the fringes of European and Asian societies, Ho's complex experiences have been canonized at home and abroad, with records from former communist territories off-limits, and formal writings from … the ways in which Ho Chi Minh engaged groups of communists, nationalists, socialists, and liberal democrats …
President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty

The Missing "Third" of the Third World

Review of Latin America and the Global Cold War, by Thomas C. Field, Jr., Stella Krepp, and Vanni Pettinà (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020)
… , to name a few. Yet, aside from the high-profile case studies of Cuba and Nicaragua, one region of the Global South … and development. Latin America is a vast region comprising 33 individual countries in the southern half of … World, and Cold War history points the way toward much future research. With memorable anecdotes, concise chapters, …
 Cover of Chivalry in Medieval England by Nigel Saul

Knighthood As It Was, Not As We Wish It Were

Review of Chivalry in Medieval England, by Nigel Saul (Harvard University Press, 416 pp, 2011, ISBN 978-0-674-06368-6)
… wished that things could just be like they used to be. A common sentiment, it is actually responsible for distorting … ends and actual history begins. In Chivalry in Medieval England , Nigel Saul aspires to these aims as he discusses one of the most distorted topics in medieval history: the code of chivalry. Although not without …
Cover of The Battle of Adwa African Victory in the Age of Empire by Raymond Jonas

When Ethiopia Stunned the World

Review of The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire, by Raymond Jonas (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press, 2011)
… and, due to a series of blunders by his subordinate commanders, his force was overwhelmed. Aside from numerous … also captured 1,900 Italians and 1,500 Askari (African soldiers serving in the Italian armed forces). The scope and … World War. Jonas claims that Adwa served as the model for future anti-colonial efforts. His narrative suggests that …
A card celebrating March 8 as International Women’s Day.

International Women's Day

… by the U.S. Socialist Party, it brought together an audience of 1,500 women who demanded economic and political … break with socialist tradition. Though ideologically committed to human equality, socialists had long argued that … On March 18, 1911, the fortieth anniversary of the Paris Commune, International Women’s Day was marked for the first …
March on Washington

The Unfinished Struggle: Civil Rights and the March on Washington

… On August 28th, America will commemorate the anniversary of the March on Washington for … John Lewis (chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Martin Luther King, Jr. (president of the … the discrepancy in both sides’ historical reading of the outcomes of the civil rights movement. The Supreme Court is …
Cerro Rico of Potosí, c.1603. Courtesy Hispanic Society of America

“Mountains of Water:” The Great 1626 Potosí Flood

… structures made from this earthen material were common throughout the Andes, and they were generally … us more about misplaced aspirations and their effect on future generations. Learn More: Aguilar, Julio. "A Thirsty … Espinosa, Antonio. Compendium and Description of the West Indies. trans. Charles Upton Clark. Washington, DC: …
Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Olympics

Revival and Reinvention: the Olympic Games, Athens 1896

… 1896, participants from 14 countries converged on Athens to compete in a festival that was simultaneously ancient and … velodrome, shooting gallery, and seating for the swimming competitions) saw the staging of 45 events ranging from … with fewer cities submitting bids to serve as hosts for future events. Nevertheless, the Games’ longevity — …