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NATO's New Order: The Alliance After the Cold War

… vu all over again. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) announces plans to expand its military presence in … more heavy weapons, armored vehicles, and other equipment. NATO-member Turkey shoots down a Su-24 Russian warplane. … Channel. Russia transfers new missiles to Kaliningrad. NATO countries station new air forces in the Baltic states . …
The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

A European Future for NATO?

… If ever there was a time for the United States to lead NATO in a new direction, this is it. But it could be France, not the United States, that guides NATO into the future. President Obama plans to deliver a … month. It will be the first statement of U.S. policy toward NATO heard from this administration. Yet behind the rhetoric …
Flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NATO Expansion in Eastern Europe: For What and For Whom?

… As NATO’s expansion into Eastern Europe goes on, sometimes … has been little attempt by to explain to Americans what NATO was and is all about. Perhaps history from the early … formal military alliance, the Warsaw Treaty. In the 1950s, NATO extended the encirclement of the Soviets by including …
The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Critique of NATO’s Expansion

… Treaty Organization. But President Clinton’s push to expand NATO beyond these nations will probably backfire. His argument to expand NATO is based on an outdated crusade against communism, a … The State Department is making a similar mistake today. NATO expansion will impose new duties which Americans would …
Raising a Flag over the Reichstag by Yevgeny Khaldei (1945).

The Living Ghosts of the Second World War and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… “far-right nationalists and Neo-Nazis” who, backed by their NATO allies, were committing “genocide” against Russians.  … to Putin, the invasion was necessary to prevent future NATO-backed “Nazi” aggression, which Putin implicitly … reimagining of the war, with the United States, NATO, and Ukraine branded as Nazis/Fascists while Russia …
Putin and Trump meeting

Twitter Cold War

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
US History since 1877
Science & Technology
War & Peace
… plan deals with the continued strained relationship between NATO and Russia. It uses the Origins article “The collapse … and twitter war. Students will be grouped as Russians, NATO, and judges. In each group there will be an author, a … to the other groups. The groups representing Russia and NATO will make creative twitter handles that reflect …
Three Afghan police trainees, sitting on ground with guns

Afghanistan: Past and Prospects

NATO “officially” ended its combat operations in Afghanistan … the map for many in the United States. Since 2001, US and NATO forces have been in Afghanistan, first invading to … the pockets of local leaders and thousands of American, NATO, and Afghan lives lost. Yet, for this blood and …
Slobodan Milosevic, just after signing the Dayton Agreement

Lessons from the Holocaust Are Relevant to the Crisis in Kosovo

… The current debates about NATO’s actions against Slobodan Milosevic demonstrate the … the military decisions made by President Clinton and other NATO leaders find plenty of evidence from the past that … and create wider hostilities. Furthermore, critics of NATO’s bombing note that assaults from the air cannot …
Statue and Ukrainian Flag

The Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… and they could veto any movement for Ukraine to join NATO or the European Union. So, Putin could retain influence … democratic Ukraine on his border more than Ukraine joining NATO. So a democratic Ukraine would pose a threat to his autocratic control of Russia. Of course, NATO is a big part of this Mykyta maybe you have some …

With a Little Help from Our Friends?: The Costs of Coalition Warfare

… Sometimes the contribution is more significant, like the NATO partners in Afghanistan where there is more parity with … U.S. troop deployments (see the accompanying chart from NATO). The Norm of Coalition Warfare The size of U.S. … by American forces who accidentally strafed their own NATO allies in 2006. Friendly fire fatalities have become a …
map of Yugoslavia

What Victory in Yugoslavia May Mean for Future Wars

… ground offensive to do that. So has the success of the NATO bombing offensive against Yugoslavia finally proved … What forced Yugoslavia to give in was the impact of NATO air attacks on the everyday lives of the civilian … That would inevitably have led to casualties among NATO pilots. Rather than risk this (and the political heat …
President Bush makes remarks in 2006 during a press conference in the Rose Garden about Iran's nuclear ambitions and discusses North Korea's nuclear test.

After 50 Years, a Great Military Debate Resumes

… to Europe and commit itself to acting in concert with NATO allies.  Senator Robert A. Taft (R-Ohio) led the forces against this … But there is one crucial difference. In Taft's day, the NATO allies had little strength beyond what the United …
Vladimir Putin seated and surrounded by military officers

World War II Memory in Putin's Russia

… bolstered Russia's international prestige. Also, with NATO expansion taking place. This map shows two rounds of NATO expansion 1999 and also in 2004. This second round of … countries Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This brought NATO right up to Russia's border. So with NATO expansion, …
A pro-union demonstration in Romania, 2009. The flag translates to "Moldova Our Sister"

Moldova and Romania: A Long and Complicated Relationship

… have led to increased political instability. Romania, a NATO and EU member, has stepped up to help its smaller, … union as a simple way for Moldova to join the EU and NATO , even the prospect of a union would likely ignite … reawaken this frozen conflict. Furthermore, Romania, a NATO member, would be drawn into the Transnistria dispute. …
Miklós Horthy, Hungarian regent, and Adolf Hitler in 1938.

Hitler’s Gamble with Destiny, 1941

… Atlantic Treaty Organization, the United States and its NATO allies constantly ask how far NATO can expand without provoking the Russian Republic. NATO doesn’t defer to any other country, so why to Russia?  …
U.S. Marines holding Sandino's Flag - Nicaragua 1932.

The Costs of Intervention

… In Iraq and Afghanistan, U.S. and NATO forces have few good options. A rapid military … laid the basis for future turmoil. The United States and NATO have few good options in Iraq and Afghanistan. A rapid …
A U.S. Marine Corporal looks through a sniping rifle during a training in California in 2001.

Don’t Compare America Now With Britain Then

… do the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Today, any nation that attacked the United States … would also have to face the other eighteen members of NATO. And even if the United States failed to deter aggression and NATO failed to react, the situation would still be very …
Glass negative of Kaiser Wilhelm.

A New Kind of Anti-Americanism

… the European common market and paying the lion’s share for NATO, the multilateral alliance to defend Europe. In the … regardless of the views of the United Nations or their NATO allies. In the high Cold War period of the 1950s, …
Photo of Tiananmen Square from 2007.

Bombings, Blood Debts, and Mutual Suspicion

… across China as they vented their outrage against NATO following the bombing of the Chinese embassy in … mobbed the U.S. consulates in China were not convinced by NATO’s apologies and explanations. And the government no …
Senator J. William Fulbright in 1966.

Advice from the Past about Yugoslavia

… Widespread doubts about NATO’s bombing of Yugoslavia have been replaced by relief … two leaders he much admires, President John Kennedy and Senator J. William Fulbright. Both rethought hawkish policies … hundreds of thousands of U.S. ground troops, the senator regretted his action. Fulbright concluded that the …
Photograph of a mock-up of the Little Boy nuclear weapon dropped on Hiroshima, Japan, in August 1945. This was the first photograph of the Little Boy bomb casing to ever be released by the U.S. government (it was declassified in 1960).

Sowing Nuclear Seeds of Division

… throughout the ’50s. Eisenhower was convinced that the NATO alliance had to be kept firm, or the United States … (in his words) ” skunks, saber-rattlers and warmongers.” NATO did agree to nuclearize. But ultimately the United …