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Robert Smalls pictured between 1870-1880.

The Remarkable Life of Robert Smalls

… harbor, past Confederate fortifications, and to the Union fleet blockading the city. The architect of this … and courage would go on to make him important to the Union war effort and, afterwards, one of the most … political career by serving as a delegate to the Republican National Convention . At the end of the conflict, thousands …

The Summer of ’10: Federal Power, Local Autonomy, and the Struggle over Immigration Policy

… rights movement, Governor Orval Faubus dispatched Arkansas National Guard troops to prevent black students from … recent nativist statute, after the American Civil Liberties Union, NAACP, Mexican-American Legal Defense Fund and others … about the optimal degree of local autonomy in a system of national immigration rules, date to the very beginnings of …
Cover of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe by David Marquand

The End of the World as We Know It?

Review of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe, by David Marquand (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011)
… since 1945: How that idea helped to construct the European Union; what its chief architects wanted the E.U. to be; what … twentieth century - the deliberate construction of a supranational European Community, based on law rather than force, … countries now includes 27 member states. The European Union's population stands at 500 million with a combined GDP …
Nazis at Marienplatz in Munich during the 1923 Beer Hall Putsch.

Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch and Weimar’s Resolve

… to overthrow the Bavarian government and establish a new nationalist regime. Often cited as a watershed moment in the rise of National Socialism, Hitler’s brazen plan to overthrow the … occupation of the Ruhr by Franco-Belgian forces, stoking nationalist resentments.  The economy, already in shambles, …

From Fat Cats to Egg Heads: The Changing American "Elite"

… top right ). A sign supporting Britain leaving the European Union ( bottom left ). A 2016 London rally in favor of remaining in the European Union ( bottom right ). Whatever else they may or may not … until 1920.) Men looking at the window display of the National Anti-Suffrage Association in Washington, D.C. in …
wind turbines

Energy Policy: How is the “Long Transition” from Fossil Fuels Doing?

… uncertainties in the Middle East and elsewhere, and national economies reacting to worldwide recession, American … in order to keep prices up.  About 80 percent of the Saudi national budget is paid for with oil receipts, and as the … the transition to a green energy economy.  Indeed, the International Energy Agency predicts that is what will happen. …
John Muir, the founder of the Sierra Club.

Conservation — An American, and Republican, Tradition

… shown little understanding of conservation as a historic national project that involves more than just turning off … and some settler groups, conservation first gained national political significance in the fall of 1901. Gifford … and Roosevelt linked these concerns together and launched a national campaign to conserve America’s forests, rivers, …

Interracial Marriage in "Post-Racial" America

… who in turn referred her to the American Civil Liberties Union. The ACLU appealed the Lovings’ conviction, arguing … relationships, however, did not pertain to Native-English unions but to ones colonial leaders feared would upend the … groups or to prohibit marriage among different European nationalities. An Asian American and an African American …
Print depicting the USS Olympia firing on the Spanish fleet during the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.

Top Ten Origins: Puerto Rico and the United States

… adhering to U.S. laws. The U.S. maintained control of international affairs including trade, defense, immigration, and … Washington, D.C. on April 22, 1952. 4. Puerto Rican First: Nationalism and Nationalist Opposition The flag of Puerto Rico, adopted in …
George H. W. Bush Speaking in St. Louis, 1988. Behind him is Missouri Governor John Ashcroft.

The Danger of Scaring the Voters

… Bush’s vice president, his secretary of defense, and his national security advisor have all publicly likened the war … public support for a seemingly endless struggle against the Soviets. He and his advisers pondered how to shore up the … enemy. Bush took a similar tack in his 2004 State of the Union speech, decrying Americans who “believe that the …
Chinese nuclear bomb on display in China.

A Danger Shared by All

… Treaty of 2002. But will he be able to help forge an international consensus to stifle nuclear proliferation and push … … William Lambers … History News Service … Global/Transnational … Nuclear Power & Weapons … Diplomacy/International Relations … China … A Danger Shared by All …
Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol

Six Days That Shook The World

Review of The Six Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East, by Guy Laron (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… and providing much detail, Guy Laron, a scholar of international relations at Jerusalem’s Hebrew University, offers … governments, and insufficient pressures by the U.S. and Soviet superpowers to deter regional military violence. … intended to draw Egypt and potentially even the Soviet Union into the conflict. The fact that Nasser’s hawkish …
Fidel Castro in 1959

Easing Up on Cuba

… had been broken, the Cold War was at its peak, and the Soviet Union had become Cuba’s patron, pouring billions annually … agreed to games between the Baltimore Orioles and the Cuban national team. Still, most Americans cannot visit Cuba …
The Taras Shevchenko monument in Borodyanka, Ukraine damaged by the Russian attack, April 2022.

Taras Shevchenko, Poet of Ukraine

… his family and members of his nation. He painted Ukrainian national landscapes and historical sites in an album he … that briefly led to the first-ever independent Ukraine, the Soviet state tried to co-opt the idea and legacy of … of peoples.” Statues of Shevchenko were built in the Soviet era, including the well-known one in the center of …

Socialism Takes Over France, Again?

… on a silver screen in hues of red, white and blue (the national colors). The two contenders in the run-off for … the center-right incumbent, Nicolas Sarkozy, leader of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). "Sarko," as he is … every lever of political power—the presidency, Senate, National Assembly, and most of France's 22 regions and …

Charles Darwin’s American Adventure: A Melodrama in Three Acts

… one sort or another in 45 countries according to the International Darwin Day Foundation website. Born on February 12, … American education because of another form of it. After the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite, and thus took the lead …
2006 map of North Korea and South Korea.

Applying the Antarctic Solution to the Korean Nuclear Impasse

… an achievement during the early years of the Cold War. The Soviet Union, only four years earlier, had rejected Eisenhower’s … Korea … South Korea … Arctic/Antarctic … Diplomacy/International Relations … Applying the Antarctic Solution to the …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… followed, with Jawaharlal Nehru representing the Indian National Congress Party and Mohammad Ali Jinnah serving as … of the Muslim League. Representative of the Indian National Congress and first Prime Minister of India … Muhammad Ali Jinnah ( right ). Whereas Jinnah called for a national homeland for Muslims, whom he feared would be …
Person on horseback faces line of police and military vehicles

Native Sovereignty and the Dakota Access Pipeline

… sovereignty have been threatened. Additionally, by sub national and supranational groups. Regional governments, like the state of … ways in which indigenous sovereignty is threatened by supranational groups. So such as multinational corporations, …
Demolition of the former Penn Station concourse raised public awareness about preservation.

Choking Off Our Past

… and Preserve America programs and cuts funding for National Heritage Areas by 50 percent. Those are the hardest … be preserved. Overseeing these efforts is essential.   The National Trust for Historic Preservation is one organization … of the country’s history. It is responsible for preserving national artifacts in addition to maintaining dozens of …

Outdoing Panama: Turkey’s ‘Crazy’ Plan to Build an Istanbul Canal

… pleasure craft, but Russian oil tankers protected by international agreements as they carry crude on the only sea … also moved closer to its goal of membership in the European Union than under any of his more secular predecessors. Yet, … policy instead drew the ire of an increasingly powerful Soviet Union and the Straits became integral to Cold War …