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"Y'En A Marre!" (We're Fed Up!): Senegal in the Season of Discontent

… noted for political stability and constitutional order. One amendment would create the post of vice president, who … in the first round of presidential elections from 50% plus one to 25% of the popular vote. This would ensure that Wade … starting. [Y'En A Marre] want change and their patience has come to an end. Prices are too high, the power fails all the …
Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick Book Cover.

Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War

Review of Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War, by Nathaniel Philbrick (New York, Viking Press 2006)
… beyond the myth of the first Thanksgiving, exploring the complicated politics that came to dominate a world created … and expand his power. Massasoit's legacy, then, is a mixed one. Due to his ability to maintain peace with the Pilgrims, the story of Massasoit is one of a "benevolent and wise leader who maintained a half …

Punishing the Past: Presidential Elections in Times of Crisis (1932, 1968, 2008)

… or Future at Stake? To listen to political pundits talk, one might think that we are able to predict the consequences … for the political party whose policies promise the best outcome. But if we had any way to make such calculations—if we … cognitive appraisal? What would make us think that one side was right, or that the notion of who was right …
poster supporting those lost in Pearl Harbor

Mobilizing for Common Purpose in the COVID Era

… Just how has American society mobilized for a sense of common purpose in the past? And why have we seemed to lose … At different points, particularly as the United States has gone to war, it has been vitally important to have a … , what we Americans came to call the First World War, beckoned in the 2 nd decade of the 20 th century. World War I …
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. in 1964.

The (Character) Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

… King. Jury selection began November 15. The case hardly comes as a surprise. In recent years, the King family has … in an elaborate conspiracy to murder Dr. King. To anyone familiar with the massive wealth of evidence against … that it was secretly orchestrated by the government? One reason may be that while King was alive, federal …
Two vials of modern insulin named Actrapid (left) and NovoRapid (right) by the manufacturers.

The First Insulin Injection as a Treatment for Diabetes

… As of 2020, the CDC estimates that just over one in ten Americans has diabetes, a chronic condition that can have serious, life-threatening complications if left untreated. Diabetes is caused when the … or does not properly use it (Type II). Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that manages metabolism and directs …

Currency Wars, or Why You Should Care About the Global Struggle Over the Value of Money

… simultaneously attempting to force down the value of their money in order to reduce the price of their products sold in … that these and other countries were entering into a competitive spiral of devaluations in an effort to export … contained. Trade in East Asia was fueled in part by silver coins from Mexico. Prior to the Meiji Restoration of 1868 in …

The Human Use of Human Beings: A Brief History of Suicide Bombing

… 9/11, reveals a great deal about the phenomenon we have come to know as suicide bombing. First, a radical left-wing … history, human beings have been used by other humans as components of economic and technological systems; indeed, … were engineered and modified to improve system performance. One designer of such systems, an MIT engineer, wrote: “This …

Alawites and the Fate of Syria

… “elected” president of Syria. The unrest resulted from a combination of socio-economic and political problems that … of the rebellion, the frequent protest chant, "Syrians are one!" indicated the determination of the demonstrators to … solidarity, in Latakia, the fifth largest city in Syria and one with a major Alawite population, a Sunni Imam led …
President Reagan recites the Pledge of Allegiance with students from a Detroit Catholic school in 1984.

Affirming “Under God” Ruling Is a Higher Form of Patriotism

… reaction to last week's news has been muted. Almost everyone, it appears, expects the Supreme Court to overturn the … their own precedents — and the weight of history – should nonetheless force them to see that the religious intent of … evangelical Rev. Billy Graham rose to celebrity denouncing communism as a "satanic religion," while Secretary of State …
Bronze statue of Sir William Blackstone.

Back to the 17th Century: Money and Political Speech

… weaken the campaign finance reforms passed after Watergate. One of the justices even coined the shorthand phrase by which this argument is now known: Money is speech. It’s been a favorite of reform opponents … rather, he wrote, “[t]he electors themselves are becoming the oligarchy.” Mill’s fear, like that of today’s …
Government of National Unity in 2009. Left to right: Arthur Mutambara, Robert Mugabe, Morgan Tsvangirai, and Thabo Mbeki.

A Lesson for South Africa? Zimbabwe’s Path to Multi-Party Rule

… Swaziland (now Kingdom of Eswatini), all of which transitioned to independence through peaceful processes in the … 1965 to official independence in 1980.   Political factors complicated matters. Since the early 1960s, the British … that I believe in blacks and whites working together. If one day it is white, the next day it is black, I believe we …
The Cornalvo Dam, near the city of Mérida in Spain.

Top Ten Origins: Dams

… are being built in Brazil and China, while campaigns to decommission dams are gaining traction in the United States … water for irrigation of crops and drinking water. One of the oldest still in use for drinking water, the … in 1935 the Hoover dam was the largest in the world and one of the largest concrete structures at the time. Its …
Computers utilized by U.S. Navy personnel in 1998.

What the Internet Will Bring Us

… Is the internet the ultimate solution to problems of (pick one, or pick many) communication, commerce, travel, learning, teaching, … could do so with remarkable speed. Americans connected with one another differently than they had before. Many saw the …

Russia, America, and the Conspiratorial Worldview

… Crocodile ] in 1922 and the equally influential magazine Ogonek [ Little Spark ] the following year. He estimated that … at least 8,000 cartoons that I have seen, making his output one caricature for every three days of Soviet life. His … War I and after the 1917 Revolution and to signal their commitment to the new Bolshevik cause.   Mikhail, the elder …
Emancipation Memorial in Lincoln Park, Washington DC.

Bicentennial for Two Great Emancipators

… 200 years after Lincoln’s birth, Obama’s presidency is one fulfillment of the work Lincoln started. Lincoln shares … Both were born on February 12, 1809 — Darwin into a comfortable family in Shropshire, England, Lincoln into … in the United States.   They initiated twin revolutions: one brought by Lincoln — the Civil War and the emancipation …
Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist

(Bicycle) Wheels of Change

Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s, by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
… and their bikes in cities across the nation at the end of one of America’s most innovative centuries. The first half … were elite, athletic, young men who had both the time and money to invest in cycling. But as they felt threatened by … cycling clubs were one type of group where cyclists could come together, but they were not merely for elites only. …
neon sign that says Quiz with question marks around it

History Teaching: Still Crazy After All These Years

… which any high school can take pride.” Does this statement come from: (a) A 1987 National Assessment, after which … students are “all too ignorant of American history.” (d) None of the above. The correct answer is (d), none of the above. The quotation comes from a report of a …
Crowd photo at the 2017 Women's March in Washington DC

The Way We Never Were (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 1)

… Revolution--and learn that women in America have never been completely united.  … While more women do tend to vote than men--and have done so since the 1960s--men arguably remain the dominant … Trump. Think pieces blossomed overnight, denouncing the complicity and betrayal of white women to the feminist …
Emergency servicemen and volunteers remove rubble and demine territory after Russian shelling, Kyiv, Oblast, 2022.

Ukrainian Architecture at War

… Russian invasion , Ukrainian President Zelensky recorded one of his daily video addresses in front of the House with … Derzhprom building on Kharkiv’s Freedom Square is the most complete example of constructivist architecture in the world … simple hand tools, horse-drawn carts, and wheelbarrows. One of its most defining architectural features is the sky …