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Cover of The Invisible Bridge by Rick Perlstein

There Are No Heroes Here: American Malaise in the Seventies

Review of The Invisible Bridge: The Fall of Nixon and the Rise of Reagan, by Rick Perlstein (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2014)
… profession, but one with a keen eye toward the historical—completes his trilogy chronicling the rise of what has been … for heroes, this is not the book—or era—for you. And no one comes out looking good at all, liberals and conservatives … is to chart how Americans were able to re-declare their superiority, their exceptionalism, their faith in …

South America’s ‘Sleeping Giant’ Wakes: Brazil’s 2010 Election

… and Russia, and with nearly two times the per-capita income of China, Brazil is on track to become a major force in the global economy. How Things Change … After her release, Rousseff returned to college and studied economics, and began a career in government service. …
A crowd of Syrian refugees in the Vienna airport

Road to Europe: The 2015 Migration Crisis

… I teach courses on Eastern Europe, nationalism, migration, communism, the Cold War, among others.   Dr. Robin Judd   … those forced population movements were executed under the supervision of the Western powers. So I do want to return … Wiggins. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more at our website, …

Avoiding the Scourge of War: The Challenges of United Nations Peacekeeping

… On July 1, 2011, the United Nations welcomed its newest member. South Sudan's January referendum on … was that many of the smaller conflicts that the Cold War superpowers had held at bay were now free to explode … psychological aid to those traumatized by rape, child soldiering, and other atrocities. Unlike during …
the cover of a Captain America comic book

Captain America: Changing Conscience of a Nation

… and artist Jack Kirby in the eponymous Captain America Comics #1 , the patriotic hero became a breakout star for … role in an experimental program meant to create an army of super soldiers to defeat the Nazis, only to become the program’s sole …
Fidel Castro during a visit to Washington.

Why Economic Sanctions Often Fail

… to Iran in 2007. Switzerland's Swiss EGL energy trading company recently completed a forty-two billion dollar agreement with the National Iranian Gas Export Company. Though European leaders said the right things on …
John Kerry addressing reporters in 2015.

What’s a Convention For, Any More?

… of money and momentum. This year, conventions were almost completely removed from the selection of a nominee. For all … have looked for vice-presidential candidates who would complement their campaign’s main themes. In 1992, Al Gore, …

Rash Decisions: Anti-vaccination Movements in Historical Perspective

… the initial onset of symptoms. Measles often causes severe complications, including pneumonia and encephalitis … was mild and granted lifelong immunity. Lady Mary’s brother died of smallpox in 1713 and her own famous beauty had been … minister Cotton Mather (1663-1728), who had studied medicine as younger man, vigorously advocated the use …
Ukrainian refugees sheltering beneath a bridge in Kyiv, March 5, 2022.

“The Tragedy Has Never Left Us.” On the War in Ukraine

… not obscure the fact that this conflict, with all its complexity and tragedy, belongs firmly to the present. This … we’re watching happen today [Sheehan, Where Have All the Soldiers Gone? ]. Far from being a “war of the past,” (i.e. a … deadly ideology.” Finally, the great national narrative supersedes the ideology of the communist state: the current …
Cover of The Eternal Decline and Fall of Rome: The History of a Dangerous Idea by Edward J. Watts.

Falling for the Fall of Rome

Review of The Eternal Decline and Fall of Rome: The History of a Dangerous Idea by Edward J. Watts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… *which* Roman decline and fall is the best parallel. Some commentators prefer the fall of the Roman Republic as the … leads directly to the crisis of the present, “[Rome] had become a powerful metaphor to speak about the present and … Medieval …
The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs Book Cover

The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism

Review of The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs (Viking Books, 2006)
… early in the nineteenth century, but whose adventures and accomplishments were so much admired they made him an … name. By one estimate, 20% of the world's fish catch comes from the extraordinary ecosystem called The Humboldt … an explorer into a conservationist. Alexander von Humboldt dies on p. 105 of this book, roughly a third of the way …
Iraq by Raymond Bucko SJ on Flickr, cc by 2.0

Redeeming Honor — the South and Iraq

… “the Arab ego like a coat of armor.” He observes, “The smallest chink can threaten to loosen all the loops and … hospitality shown to his relatives — with tacit American compliance. Or Osama bin Laden’s operatives could have been … of Jordan’s crackdown on their conspiracies. Those who committed these atrocities no doubt believe that honor is …
Space Shuttle Columbia launching

Can We Boldly Go There Any More?

… atmosphere. The second fact will be relearned in the coming weeks as we emerge from our shock at this tragedy and … of space is not how many astronauts and cosmonauts have died, but how few. Though there have been several close calls, no one has actually died in space. Far more people died during the early years …
Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, 1987

The Imperial Presidency Pushes Back

Review of Iran Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power, by Malcolm Byrne (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2014)
… could operate off the books. Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, … and sought to sustain its war effort. Here, one of the shadier characters in this sordid drama emerged: Manucher … (83). All of this came tumbling down when a Nicaraguan soldier shot down a Contra resupply plane in October of 1986. …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… about water: it rarely stays put. Wastes discharged into bodies of water tend to wind up in other bodies of water downstream. The 2015 Waters of the United … more and more reliant on toxic substances, the shortcomings of this approach became increasingly apparent. The …
Richesons Church in Hyannis, Massachusetts.

The Separation of Church and State Is Rooted in American Christianity

… and state corrupted both institutions. The state risked becoming subject to religious controversies that would … religious creeds. Moreover, established churches risked becoming tools of the state rather than of salvation, favoring … increasingly, they believed that the right of a religious community to set the terms for membership trumped the …

The Alpha and Omega of the Greek Debt Crisis

… the machine when I heard some Greek expletives and saw a commotion in front of me. The ATM ran out of money. I spent … occupied by Nazi Germany, Bulgaria, and Italy. German soldiers raising their flag over the Acropolis in 1941 ( left … as a desirable vacation destination. This success was superficial. At the close of the games, the Greek government …

America's Long-Suffering Mental Health System

… wake of a mass shooting such as the one in Parkland, FL, commentators, pundits, and politicians all gather around to … ill. Darren Rainey, who suffered from schizophrenia, died in 2012 from burns to over ninety percent of his body … or psyche. In trying to find physiological origins for maladies, psychiatrists hoped they might treat schizophrenia, …

Alawites and the Fate of Syria

… “elected” president of Syria. The unrest resulted from a combination of socio-economic and political problems that … Alawites, furthermore, ignore Islamic sanitary practices, dietary restrictions, and religious rituals. The … For instance, they provided a disproportionate number of soldiers to the French mandate government, forming about half …
USS ARIZONA sinking during the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941.

The 1942 Internments and Today’s Security Crisis

… a national security threat. While the order legally encompassed Germans and Italians, in practice only the … internment, once it began, was relatively easy to accomplish, it met fierce resistance from the U.S. attorney … Sept. 20 of the need to protect “homeland security” with a “comprehensive national strategy” involving FBI agents, …
Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany.

Peace through Olympic Sport?

… corruption scandals, doping controversies and rampant commercialism have done so little to dent the popularity of … Olympic teams. Even before the First World War, sport had become, as one French official put it, "a matter of state." … track star vividly disproved Nazi claims of Aryan superiority. Hitler was livid. What the 1936 Games showed is …

Clash in the Caucasus: Georgia, Russia, and the Fate of South Ossetia

… unrecognized until recently by anyone in the international community. It has its own government, though largely staffed … international community—pushed Georgian villagers and soldiers out of the Kodori Gorge. This is part of Abkhazia that … under Georgian nationalist pressures. Rising crime and unsupervised paramilitaries intensified the feeling of …
The Prima Porta Statue shows a powerful and youthful Augustus making an address

Celebrating Roman Emperor Augustus

… August 19, 14 CE, the most influential man in Roman history died. Augustus began his career by fomenting a civil war, … forming a military junta, then violently eliminating any competition before fighting the other members of the junta. … of what common Romans might have thought, surely, the soldiers who died with gashes in their thighs or fractured …

Yemen: A Civil War Centuries in the Making

… Yemen’s internationally recognized government is sitting comfortably in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 900 miles away from … dozens of protesters were killed in March 2011, civil disobedience was accompanied by attacks in retribution, … Ahmad, the Famous Forty returned home with far more than a superior education. Few of them were content with the imam’s …