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Sweet Fuel: The Remarkable Story of Brazilian Ethanol

… reliance on fossil fuels, the search for clean and affordable alternate energies has become an increasing priority in the twenty-first century. … Center Co-sponsors: The Center for Latin American Studies, https://clas.osu.edu/ The Sustainability Institute, … Arts and Sciences, and by the Center for Latin American Studies, a Title VI National Resource Center, funded by the US …
Jackie Robinson

Living Up to Jackie Robinson

… Since Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier in 1947, Major League … do more to honor his example by demanding that many of today's star players clean up their boorish behavior. On April … jeopardize the process of integration. He was, by nature, a combative individual, so he had to struggle to restrain …
Lyndon Johnson greets American troops in Vietnam 1966.

A Curtain Call for the Domino Theory?

… Unfortunately, Johnson’s legacy provides him with mixed guidance.   The central rationale for the Vietnam War was the … Presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy. If Vietnam fell to the Communists, they argued, so too would the rest of Asia. … and Russia. Afghanistan therefore demands a heavy American commitment, although the degree to which that commitment …
Sonia Sotomayor, U.S. Supreme Court justice.

Attacks on Sotomayor Ignore Court’s History and Makeup

… process. What’s unusual is that conservatives are complaining about the Court at the same time they’re … the presidents who appointed them are gone, the Court’s composition frequently lags behind the country’s political … long history, so do complaints about liberal judges. Modern-day conservative attacks on the “liberal judiciary” date …

The Roots of Venezuela's Failing State

… off on shopping sprees to Miami, where they were known as “ dame dos ” (“give me two”). Politically, the country was one … in the last year on what people are calling “ the Maduro Diet ,” a scathing reference to current president Nicolás … in 2016. Diphtheria, once thought eradicated, has made a comeback . By some estimates, 2.5 million people have left …
Marchers for LGBTQ rights

The Debate Over Same-Sex Marriage and LGBTQ Rights

… in recent memory. But with these changes have come many questions and tensions. Is the focus on the … in Modern Family , crime procedurals, or even Levi’s jeans commercials changed the public’s perceptions, and has it … background behind the news headlines with three experts: Daniel Rivers and Clayton Howard are two Ohio State history …
Cover of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther's World and Legacy by Lyndal Roper.

The Legacy of Luther

Review of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy, by Lyndal Roper (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… The prominent reformer, Martin Luther boasts the most complex legacy of his contemporaries because of how he … a more reverent, spiritual, and academic biography. Lyndal Roper’s Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World … an age when noblemen had to prove their honour with their bodies.” Luther drew power from intellectual combat, while the …
In the 2020 presidential election (held using 2010 census data) Joe Biden received 306 (●) and Donald Trump 232 (●) of the total 538 electoral votes. In Maine (upper-right) and Nebraska (center), the small circled numbers indicate congressional districts. These are the only two states to use a district method for some of their allocated electors, instead of a complete winner-takes-all.

Arguing the Electoral College: Pro

… The Electoral College provided stability to their daring republican experiment. More than 200 years later, … whose members can deliberately and calmly assess the outcome of an election and judge its impact upon the public … for more than 200 years, the burden of proof as to the happy results of its abolition must fall upon those who …
In order, India’s Indira Gandhi, Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Bangladesh’s Mujibur Rahman

After Midnight

Review of Midnight’s Descendants: A History of South Asia Since Partition, by John Keay (New York: Basic Books, 2014)
… Salman Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children features a memorable … of waterways serves as a metaphor for the subcontinent’s complicated post-colonial coming of age. Favoring academic … Calcutta, and Karachi far beyond their capacity. Keay points out that India enjoyed certain immediate advantages …
The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… before all slaves in Massachusetts would be set free, the Commonwealth v. Jennison case of 1783 ensured that slaves … could successfully sue their masters for freedom. Then as today, Massachusetts judges addressed a tension at the center … National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University. …
El 5 de julio por S. Davies, Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

What’s Really At Stake in the Venezuelan Election

… will be no grounds for the United States to reject its outcome. Both U.S. presidential candidates have made threatening remarks about Chavez’s … of history and director of Latin American and Ethnic Studies at Lewis & Clark College. …
President Nixon photographed through a window explaining release of edited transcripts, April 29, 1974

Will There Be a Last Nixon Cover-Up?

… Archives to a library associated with the Nixon Foundation. John Taylor, a Nixon Foundation official, is … staff, I am alarmed by this news. As their administrations come to a close, presidents establish foundations to raise … didn’t open those tapes until 1996, two years after Nixon died. Taylor sneered, “The archivists have done their …

Conflict Termination: How to End -- and Not to End -- Insurgencies

… over the trajectory of the on-going American military commitment in Iraq and Afghanistan has combined with … in the Philippines. So let us turn to several case studies to explore these issues more closely. Vietnam The story … anti-French uprising in the immediate aftermath of VE Day in 1945. The initial uprising was put down with bloody …
Cover of Where Have All the Soldiers Gone: The Transformation of Modern Europe by Jeff Sheehan.

How the Mighty European Military State has Fallen

Review of Where Have All the Soldiers Gone: The Transformation of Modern Europe, by Jeff Sheehan (Illustrated. 284 pp. Houghton Mifflin Company)
… Historical questions are often dictated by present-day concerns. For Jeff Sheehan of Stanford University and … European history that question is how did it come to pass that Europeans would differ so strongly from … attitudes toward standing armies and warfare, without coming down on one side or the other. Some Americans may …
The Taras Shevchenko monument in Borodyanka, Ukraine damaged by the Russian attack, April 2022.

Taras Shevchenko, Poet of Ukraine

… Russian occupation in early April, 2022 they discovered the damage done to its Taras Shevchenko monument. Bullets had … history of the Cossacks for Ukraine. The freedom they embodied became a potent inspiration for Ukrainian readers. His … was, but we should keep this as it is now.” Learn More: The Complete Kobzar: The Poetry of Taras Shevchenko. Translated …
Aftermath of the al-Qaida bombing at the U.S. Embassy in Tanzania in 1998.

When America Was Considered a Rogue Nation

… senior officials risk making serious policy mistakes today. The United States a rogue nation? Though it may be hard … kingdom were convinced that the United States had become a base for terrorists. No one then actually used the … praised Walker (much as radical Muslims today laud Osama bin Laden), believing Walker an agent of America’s destiny …

Trade Wars: The Collapse of America's Free Trade Consensus

… Trump held up Carrier, an air conditioning and heating company, as a symbol of the plight of American … against “unfair” trade deals, Trump vows that, on his first day in office, he will withdraw from the Trans-Pacific … through new international institutions. In his Fourteen Points speech, Wilson called for “the removal, so far as …

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Ghosts of Ned Ludd

… in eighteenth-century Britain. Electrification and telecommunications , led by nineteenth-century American … with technology—“ You’re still on mute! ” At worst, it points to stubborn, unthinking opposition to change and … (1803-1815) prompted Parliament to divert thousands of soldiers in a heavy-handed crackdown on Luddite rebellion. …
Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton by John Faed, featuring Blueskin.

Does Experience Really Help?

… is likely to run again. So relevant "experience" is hard to come by.This presidential season, everybody is talking about … on. William Henry Harrison, hero in the Indian wars, also died early in his presidency. Ulysses Grant presided over scandals and corruption unparalleled to that time. The sole …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… seats in parliament. Morsi was the winner of Egypt’s first competitive presidential election, but his government was … Family Development, and “Nazra” Association for Feminist Studies. The coalition was effective in organizing against the … of the Network of Women's Rights Organizations in Egypt, points to disagreements over basic frames of reference among …
The Statue of Liberty in New York City.

Where Will “Liberation” Lead?

… Iraq, the White House tells us, is well under way. With Saddam Hussein’s regime destroyed, American forces will install … Choosing to back dictators such as South Vietnam’s Ngo Dinh Diem, Nicaragua’s Anastasio Somoza, and Iran’s Muhammad Reza … of Guatemala’s Jacobo Arbenz dared to undertake a comprehensive land reform campaign, nationalize corporate …
Cover of The Chiefs Now in This City: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America by Colin Calloway.

Native Americans in Urban Places

Review of , “The Chiefs Now in This City”: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America, by Colin Calloway (New York City, NY: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… in between. Historians have traditionally focused on the outcomes of “the chiefs now in this city,” namely, treaties. … this work, however, the words work to invert the usual viewpoints we use. In essence, what is urban, or a frontier, is … was a man who traveled with an escort of Pennsylvania soldiers; who insisted on not only an interpreter but a clerk …