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… most critical elections in decades. European and American commentators almost uniformly expressed shock at the … prosecuted Marshal Pétain, Vichy’s leader, and other officials, in an obvious effort to close this ugly chapter … In recent decades the nation has continued to struggle to come to terms with its past through highly visible war …

… have met periodically in Vienna in an attempt to accomplish what was long considered a near-impossible task. … weight of historically tense U.S.-Iranian relations was overcome and the nearly impossible realized in the form of the nuclear deal known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action ( JCPOA ). But that monumental …

… weapon. Any potential United States-Iran dialogue would complement European efforts to persuade the Iranians to … without frustration and disappointment. A memo by one U.S. official attending these negotiations was prefaced with the …

… talk by some American politicians about Mexican immigrants coming to the United States, people around the world are … with the New York Stock Exchange, Wall Street is the site of the old wall between the Native Americans and the … as one of the most contentious sites of the Cold War. Officially known on the East German side as the Anti-Fascist …

… forming a military junta, then violently eliminating any competition before fighting the other members of the junta. His triumph in this power struggle ended the competitive politics of Republican Rome and ushered in the … had become the sole Roman ruler). Instead he made a show of officially giving all of his powers back to the people of …

… been lifted, and negotiations for a new constitution had commenced. While political violence between the ANC and … and Asians. Many of these have survived and have been sites of development since apartheid, such as Soweto, though … looking for jobs, unemployment may be as high as 40%; its official rate is 27%. Critics on the left argue that …

… the holiday or diminished it by linking it to Confederate commemorations.  Federal recognition had finally arrived, … emerged—unpaid holidays, ceremonial proclamations, or commemorations folded into existing calendars. These efforts … when congressional action remained elusive. Black elected officials, labor unions, churches, and civil rights …

… President Bush’s Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives — created to give religious groups tax … philosophers: Marvin Olasky. Bush has praised Olasky as “compassionate conservatism’s leading thinker,” saying of his … to tell who wielded authority. States no longer sponsored official churches; religious and political authority were …

… of the suit—journalists, ministers, reformers, public officials, and academics who made fashion the subject of … songwriters and animators utilized the suit to make commentary on American life during a time of war. Chapter … and Harlem. Understanding how a style which had once communicated a variety of meanings became tied to racial …

… that followed the earthquake wiping out its business and commercial districts. Still the scope of the two disasters … army and navy units quickly offered their services to city officials to organize both relief and recovery efforts.   … sometime in the next fifty years California will be revisited by an event similar to the 1906 quake or the flooding …

… had literate, talented, industrially and technologically competent populations, a huge help in building a modern … by the Cold War, and for seven years in Japan. American officials today talk of a one- or possibly two-year commitment in Iraq. After World War II the vanquished …

… prohibits all military activity? The unlikely source of common ground lies in the Antarctic Treaty of 1959. This … prize for the United States — and a preview of things to come. By the 1990s, aerial inspection would become a … cooperation by allowing North and South Korean military officials to work together on these missions. The Korean …

… ago, on May 30, 1945, by Lt. Gen. Lucian K. Truscott, Jr., commander of the Allied Fifth Army in Italy. Truscott was … some 3,000 American lives, most of them under Truscott’s command. The dead were eventually buried in Nettuno’s sandy … high command. For that reason, he mostly stayed away from official ceremonies and dedications. To him, every day was …

… cleared the turnstiles astonished them. The Centennial’s official name hinted at what was on offer: “The … states, by thirty other countries, and by private companies. Some visitors recorded that they left simply … excuse for the whole thing. While it is true that one soap company displayed a full-sized replica of the Liberty Bell …