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Refugees or Immigrants? The Migration Crisis in Europe in Historical Perspective

… crucial labor needs for the host society. As we look to the future of today’s migration wave to Europe, we need to … linguistic, and religious differences? No conclusive studies compare Eastern and Western European attitudes toward … waiting to enter Germany, October 2015 ( left ). Pakistani shops and restaurants on Wilmslow Road in Manchester, …
President Lyndon B. Johnson visiting American troops in Vietnam in 1966.

The Ambiguities of “Cut and Run”

… that Eisenhower did the responsible thing when he quickly completed the truce negotiations that ended the fighting in … that almost half the 58,000 Americans killed in Vietnam died during Nixon’s presidency. The real mistake during what … Reagan “cut and run” in 1983 after 241 American servicemen died in Beirut in the suicide bombing of the Marine …
Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany.

Peace through Olympic Sport?

… corruption scandals, doping controversies and rampant commercialism have done so little to dent the popularity of … Olympic teams. Even before the First World War, sport had become, as one French official put it, "a matter of state." … competitors but against all humanity — past, present and future. This universalism, not the myth of apoliticism, is …
The Chrysler Building in New York City.

The “Unimaginable” Has, in Fact, Often Been Imagined

… and burned to the very bedrock is Miller’s apocalypse complete. In the paintings of Chesley Bonestell from the … New York in books, on canvas, on movie screens and on computer monitors because it is so unimaginable for us in …
Portrait of General Winfield Scott.

When “Sensitivity” Has Opened the Road to Victory

… one of the most sensitive and successful coalition commanders of all time. Cheney forgets that Ike diverted … in on Berlin from the east. He also forgets that to accommodate their British allies’ strategic interests (as well … Hitler. Successful coalition warfare requires restraint and compromise — “sensitivity,” in Cheney’s terms. Many other …
The Statue of Liberty during the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse.

Solar Eclipses in American History

… total solar eclipse . Dating to 1223 BCE in Syria, it was accompanied by the appearance of  Mars in the sky and … eclipses offer perspective through their enormity. They command respect. The response of Cooper’s New York to the … overland from the Pacific, lexicographer Noah Webster’s Compendious Dictionary of the English Language   defined an …
Statue of Sancho Panza in Madrid, Spain

Kindred Spirits: Shakespeare and Cervantes in Life and Death

… Shakespeare (1564-1616) and Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) died, like Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, on the very same … literary figures, one a playwright, the other a novelist, died almost simultaneously remains a coincidence full of … the rights of his novel to a printer. He was buried in a common grave. Most profoundly, our modern sensibility is …
Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton by John Faed, featuring Blueskin.

Does Experience Really Help?

… is likely to run again. So relevant "experience" is hard to come by.This presidential season, everybody is talking about … on. William Henry Harrison, hero in the Indian wars, also died early in his presidency. Ulysses Grant presided over … was the first president, so he set the precedents for all future presidents. He had no "experience" to guide him. He …
Ration distribution point.

The Other War in Pakistan

… and preposition food for this emergency, all the while combating the Nazi war machine. None of the allies’ heroics … ahead.   Today, the United States and the international community share the responsibility to feed displaced … al- Qaida and nuclear weapons are all too close for comfort.   The U.N.’s World Food Programme is distributing …
Holding a copy of ”Selected Works of Mao Zedong," Red Guards are featured on the cover of a Guangxi elementary school textbook, 1971.

"Mao's Last Revolution": China's Cultural Transformation

… the reinstatement of political control via revolutionary committees supported by the military. The Cultural … October 1976. The resolution acknowledged the period’s tragedies and called them mistakes, laying blame at the feet of … scholars are doing the work of preservation, hoping that future generations may be able to write a people’s history …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… about water: it rarely stays put. Wastes discharged into bodies of water tend to wind up in other bodies of water … more and more reliant on toxic substances, the shortcomings of this approach became increasingly apparent. The … an influential group that included Robert A. Taft, the future U.S. senator and GOP leader known as “Mr. …
North College Hill, Ohio, USA, Memorial Day parade, 2004, by Rick Dikeman.

A Vanishing American Remembrance?

… May 30 as Decoration Day at national cemeteries to honor soldiers who died in service. Gen. Logan's order spoke only to honoring … the national holiday from its pedestal. Memorial Day commemorates the men and women killed on the battlefield or …

The Catholic Church and Sexual Abuse, Then and Now

… their own investigations. Evidence that church superiors—bishops, archbishops, and even popes—failed to address abuses … from the priesthood in February 2019.  All of these tragedies are tinged with a sense of déjà vu. Similar patterns of … changing sexual mores since the 1960s. Occasionally, commentators have referred to an insular institutional …
voting button by Steve Rainwater, Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0

Race and Voting, Past and Present

… phone line or to check registration lists on a laptop computer. But very few majority-black districts received the … White and Hispanic districts enjoyed greater access to the computers, so they also had an easier time verifying their … but it might make us less likely to repeat them in the future. Jonathan Zimmerman teaches history and education at …
A crowd of Syrian refugees in the Vienna airport

Road to Europe: The 2015 Migration Crisis

… I teach courses on Eastern Europe, nationalism, migration, communism, the Cold War, among others.   Dr. Robin Judd   … societies, we can be more optimistic, perhaps, about the future of these migration movements.   Patrick Potyondy  … Wiggins. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more at our website, …
Cover of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II by Karel C. Berkhoff

Long Live the Soviet Motherland?

Review of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II, by Karel C. Berkhoff (Harvard University Press, 2012)
… forces highlighting Jewish suffering would have meant combatting anti-Semitism among their own population. … to "a single camp," and the enforced model of utter obedience meant that all efforts had to be directed against the … who according to some reports thought of themselves as "soldiers" in the rear and "heroes" on the home front. Letters …

Child Kidnapping in America

… the money). This refusal brought him a torrent of negative commentary and helped to define for the future what Americans expected of parents caught in such … children. At the same time, the frantic search for remedies, and the wide media fascination for these cases, has …
The World Trade Center towers on September 11, 2001

The War on Terror

… questions facing American society and the international community in these uncertain times. ( Image Source ) … is John Mueller, Woody Hayes, chair of national security studies at the Mershon Center for International Security … States killing large numbers of Americans in the near future?" And shortly after 9/11, that stood at about 72% …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… in a growing personal struggle with his own sense of the futility of a system of confession and penance that, he … in Wittenberg—as well as sending a copy to the Archbishop of Mainz—Luther was following a longstanding medieval tradition of calling for debate within the university …
US Marines fight rebellious Boxers outside Beijing Legation Quarter, 1900 – copy of painting by Sergeant John Clymer

The Boxer Rebellion

… northern China. Amid this misery, a mysterious group that combined traditional Chinese folk culture, including martial … Fists,” though Westerners simply dubbed them “Boxers.”  Cao Futian loosely led this decentralized group. In 1899, in … court fled Beijing for  Xi’an . Western troops proceeded to commit atrocities of their own, looting much of the city and …
The view of Dresden and the Elbe River from the very top of the Frauenkirche.

A Postcard from Dresden, Germany: Living in the Shadow of World War II

… or “Old Town,” is relatively new. This area had to be completely rebuilt after its destruction during  World War … it is estimated that anywhere from 18,000 to 25,000 people died during this attack. The Fürstenzug, or Procession of … was dedicated in May 2011 to the citizens of Dresden who died during the 1945 firebombing. The Rose Garden symbolizes …