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September 17: The United States Constitution is signed in Philadelphia.

The Constitution, Congress and the Power to Declare War

… ever indicated that he was dependent upon Congress for a declaration of war. Yet that is exactly what the … The Founding Fathers balanced the power of the president as commander-in-chief with that of Congress, the people’s representatives — the one to command the nation’s armed forces, the other to decide when …
Radio World's Fair in 1926.

“Black Tuesday” After 70 Years

… the words “The End” on a popular, long-running American comedy named “The Roaring Twenties: The New Era of Eternal … In his inaugural address less than twenty months before, Herbert Hoover had proclaimed that the final victory … “It won’t last.”  Robert S. McElvaine, a writer for History News Service, is a professor of history at Millsaps College …
Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Olympics

Revival and Reinvention: the Olympic Games, Athens 1896

… 1896, participants from 14 countries converged on Athens to compete in a festival that was simultaneously ancient and … facilities (a velodrome, shooting gallery, and seating for the swimming competitions) saw the staging of 45 events … and concerts provided after-hours entertainments for visitors. It was a distinctive marriage between a sports …
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History - The New Edition

Best in History Online: The Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History

… “is a reference, research, and teaching tool conceived for students and scholars of art history,” that allows users … civilizations, themes, and artists and makers. Entries for individual artworks include descriptions, information … conservators, and educators--to ensure that visitors have access to new research and perspectives on the …
Soldiers from 3rd Infantry Division provide perimeter security for Iraqi policemen at a traffic control point in Tikrit, Iraq.

The Limits of Shock and Awe

… of a "clean" victory. But we have found that the latest technology does not always shorten wars. As early as … "the very smoake will bee sufficient to affright them." Unfortunately, Smith was wrong. Virginia's Indians developed … Smith returned to England, proclaiming his mission accomplished; but the Virginia Indian wars lasted for decades. …
Rendering of the new National World War I Memorial in Washington DC

It’s Time for a National World War I Memorial

… those who have served, and fallen, in our country’s armed forces. Veterans and their descendants will participate in … the country, and many will be in Washington, D.C., to visit the national memorials dedicated to the wars in which … nearly 117,000 perished during the war — 53, 402 in combat — and another 204,000 were wounded. Many believe that …
Cover of The British Way of War by Andrew Lambert

Redefining Strategy in 20th Century Britain

Review of The British Way of War: Julian Corbett and the Battle for a National Strategy by Andrew Lambert (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021)
… In The British Way of War: Julian Corbett and the Battle for a National Strategy, Andrew Lambert, Professor of Naval … strategic priorities. Corbett disavowed continental commitment and mass armies, believing Britain should instead … the enemy’s ability to make war by attacking seaborne commerce and overseas possessions. Finally, he contended …
The White House lit in green light for St. Patrick's Day.

9/11 and 3/17: Closer Than You Think

… in the mid-19th century that the parade as we know it took form. Its appearance coincided with both the massive influx … pluralist implication of the St. Patrick's Day parades becomes more apparent as we look at the events held in cities … College in Worcester, Mass., and a writer for the History News Service. …
tanks and soldier fighting in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The World’s Longest War

… 58-year-long war between Israel and its Arab neighbors that commenced in 1948 when the state of Israel was proclaimed. … of “fault lines,” like the famous San Andreas fault in California. Along these lines earthquakes are likely to occur, … solutions. The 58-year Arab-Israeli conflict is but the latest manifestation of what may be called the world’s …
"Glory to victorious Red Army soldier!" by Dmitrii Stakhievich Moor, 1920

The October Revolution in Russia

… 24, 1917, Bolshevik Red Guards began to take control of key points in the Russian capital—railway stations, telegraph … ministers, bringing the Provisional Government to an end. Former Tsar Nicholas II in Tsarskoye Selo following his … Over the next three years, the Bolsheviks (soon renamed Communists) would have to win power in a bloody civil war …
State of Israel Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon, pictured during a defense meeting held at the Pentagon in Washington, District of Columbia (DC).

Is Sharon Following in the Steps of Nixon and de Klerk?

… with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. It was Sharon’s visit to the al-Aqsa mosque as opposition leader in … the Palestinian declaration of Intifada that has raged for more than four years. That Sharon is now at the center … for this apparent transformation. Sharon is working toward complete Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip, …
The Olympic flag flies at half-staff during a memorial service to the slain Israeli athletes, September 6, 1972.

The Munich Olympic Massacre

… to the plight of Palestinians even as it drew condemnation for the Palestinian terrorists’ methods. On September 4, … met to plan Operation “Ikrit and Biram” under mission commander “Issa,” Arabic for Jesus. Ikrit and Biram were two … The massacre was met with international horror. Global news coverage of the violent attack shocked the world, …
Maurycy Gottlieb - Jews Praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur.

Yom Kippur: A First Step to Peace

… Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, every year at this season for two and a half millennia. In each historical era, the … All of those meanings are now reflected in the Jewish community’s ambivalent view of the Middle East conflict. … University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer for History News Service. …
David Ben-Gurion proclaiming Israel's independence beneath a large portrait of Theodor Herzl.

Zionist Idea of Security Blocks Path to Peace

… peace with all their neighbors, their frustrated desire for security is now blocking the path to peace. As the latest round in the Israeli-Palestinian battle nears its … as a permanent fact of life. The Zionists aimed to overcome that psychological infirmity by making the Jews a …
The 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the Old IRA, pictured during the early 1920s.

100 Years of Irish Independence and Division

… On December 6, 1922, Ireland’s struggle for independence from the United Kingdom reached a turning … 26 of 32 Irish counties received considerable, albeit not complete, independence. The following day, however, six … Republic of Ireland. Further Reading: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-55401938 Ronan Fanning, Eamon de …
Demonstrators in steadily falling snow outside of the Wisconsin Capitol building.

Wisconsin: A History of Leading the Nation for Better or Worse

… the little girl with the curl right in the middle of her forehead:  When it's good it's very, very good, and when … power and with pampering their members at the cost of the common good. Union leaders, however, have offered to make … menace.  He was featured on the covers of Time and Newsweek magazines and celebrated by social and political …
Signing of the Treaty of Ghent, 1814

The War We Refuse to Remember

… in the Revolution. The inconclusive end to the War of 1812—for every party but Native Americans, who were left out of … —the very thing that makes it appear forgettable actually points to its greatest significance. Creating the United … ignored the bicentennial of the War itself, and will not commemorate its end either, and it is worth asking why. The …
An array of non-lethal guns laid out on a table.

Taking a Big Bite Out of the Second Amendment

… of Justice decided to revise the Second Amendment. This latest example of politically motivated historical revisionism completes the task begun by John Ashcroft in 2001 in his … memo designed to give activist judges a historical pretext for striking down existing gun laws. Ironically, rewriting …
A tractor purchased through the Marshall Plan for France.

Grand Fenwick, Afghanistan and Iraq

… that President Bush reads thick presidential biographies for policy guidance. But, having led a coalition to defeat … Not any funny movie, but “The Mouse That Roared.” That 1959 comedy was based on the premise that by the late 1950s both … War II in Europe were better off because of the war’s outcome. That’s what Bush should seek now. The best American …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… that Pentagon officials are actively discussing plans for using nuclear weapons to prevent Iran from building its … the free world and freedom on earth,” Kennedy told a visiting French diplomat in January 1963. Kennedy’s words … Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the threat from …
A 1940s photo of a church in Kansas.

Those Who Abuse the Past Are Bound to Misunderstand It

… use history to justify their views. The problem is a common propensity to mangle the past to suit current needs, … justify their views. So what do they do when the past disappoints? Or when historians tell them something in the past that doesn't conform to the way they view the world? Ideally, when this …
The NASA Space Shuttle Challenger launching in 1983.

Mars: A Planet Too Far?

… those in the Bush administration — could find better uses for that money on earth. Even with overwhelming … He twice attempted to escape the tremendous financial commitment by promoting a joint lunar trip by the United … is an independent historian and a writer for the History News Service. …