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A vision for the future of the US Space Command for 2020: a space-based high-energy laser destroys a terrestrial target.

Rumsfeld May Spark Space Weapons Debate

… which plan to test the next generation of bombs on computers rather than under the ground. But who’s paying … it can develop computerized satellites that will tell U.S. commanders everything that is happening, at every moment, … plan. They shout it out in glossy brochures and slick websites, hoping to get a bigger piece of the budgetary pie. …
Bust of Harlan Fiske Stone, the 12th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Following Bad Precedents for Deciding Military Justice

… expanded legal jurisdiction of the United Nations. “Enemy combatants” captured in the “war on terrorism” are to be … War II. Japanese Gen. Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japan’s supreme commander in the Philippines, was tried for failing to …
Crowd with sign: "Black Caucus for Chisholm"

"Earn Your Spurs" (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 7)

… as president of the NCN,W the organization deepened its commitment to the Civil Rights Movement, with Height joining … and some women prefer the republican party for the opposite reason, Sarah Paxton A lot of this partisanship is … the effects of the 2016 and 2018 midterm elections? Of the record number of women, both conservative and liberal, …
Wedding rings.

Getting Government Out of Marriage, and Vice Versa

… so that all Jews could go back to biblical ways. The Ten Commandments are mute about gay marriage. Males in a … to “covet thy neighbors’ wife,” prohibited by the Tenth Commandment. To oppose the Massachusetts court ruling, the … In the 18th century, state involvement in regulating and recording marriage started to take hold in Christendom. One …
Coach Bob Knight holding a chair

Bob Knight: A Latter-Day MacArthur?

… rash act against a national celebrity. Meanwhile, Knight complained that he was a victim of changing expectations … MacArthur was arguably America's greatest military field commander. In World War II he led the recapture of the … "his duty as God gave him the light to see that duty." He visited New York City, where 7.5 million people gathered to …

Killing the Arctic

… patterns in the south, Arctic meteorology has increasingly come to affect them. The Arctic’s terminal decline, then, … hottest Arctic temperature ever, a sweltering 100.4° F, was recorded in the Siberian settlement of Verkhoyansk in summer … damage was inflicted on the Aleutian island of Amchitka, site of three atomic bomb tests between 1965 and 1971. The …

The Hajj and Europe

… out a specific sequence of rituals at a constellation of sites, recalling activities of the Prophet Muhammad, Islam’s … to Islam’s holiest city—Muhammad’s birthplace and the site of God’s revelations to him—Muslims fulfill one of the … safety, and how much states should subsidize the ritual—is complicated. In many countries, demand for hajj visas …
A bus that has been blown up by terrorists

A Who’s Who of Jihadi Terrorism in Europe

Review of Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History, by Petter Nesser (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
… , where small teams of mobile gunmen attack multiple sites simultaneously. Nesser’s observation would seem … War created a jihadist threat to Europe, Nesser credits the Algerian Civil War as the catalyst for the first … European cells in Europe and established its own cells commanded directly by leaders in Afghanistan. Despite being …
General Edmund Allenby entering Jerusalem on December 11, 1917. Allenby dismounted as a sign of respect for the holy city.

The Collapse of Ottoman Power

Review of The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, by Eugene Rogan (New York: Basic Books, 2015)
… of two Russian ships by a German taskforce under the command of a German admiral improbably marked the entry of … beach of ANZAC Cove, one of the principle Entente landing sites on the Gallipoli peninsula Rather than quickly driving … under General Edmund Allenby, together with the Arab rebels commanded by Emir Faysal (Hussein’s son and the future king …
The University of Algiers, ca. 1920.

The University of Algiers Library Bombing

… of thousands of books, periodicals, and manuscripts had become fuel for the flames.  Newspapers around the world … the issue of the destruction of cultural and intellectual sites in wartime is by no means resolved.  Recent United … the destruction of schools, monuments, and historical sites in the wars in  Ukraine  and  Gaza . A  UN Report from …
View of the Solovetskii Monastery.

A Postcard from Solovki

… stand at the bow of the ferry as the water of the White Sea comes in wave after wave through the hole in the gunwale for … Russian national park and have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992 . Map of the White Sea and Solovetskii … Queens in Egypt, Gobekli Tepe in Turkey, and any number of sites in Australia, China, India, and Central America—are a …
Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas, United States President George W. Bush, and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon after reading statement to the press during the closing moments of the Red Sea Summit in Aqaba, Jordan, June 4, 2003.

A Flawed Basis for Middle East Peace

… may instead prove to be a stumbling block. To their credit, the Saudis persuaded 21 other Arab states to agree … opportunity to attack Israel and destroy Jewish religious sites. For 19 years after Israel became a state in 1948 the … flaw in the Saudi proposal. No political or territorial compromise on the part of Israel, including diplomatic …
Lydia Vargo and Teamster with delivery wagon in Toledo, Ohio c. 1920.

The National Park Service Explores the History of Farm Labor in America

… National Park Service's call for public input to identify sites associated with César Chávez that are worthy of … those with a personal connection. Designating significant sites as national landmarks and building educational … With a sense of betraying la causa, I carried out mom's command. My mother was equally adamant that I was not to …
Abraham Lincoln Campaign Poster 1860

"Great God, What does it Mean?" - Lee's Escape at Williamsport

… history is the Battle of Gettysburg. While many will commemorate the battle itself, the decision not to press … to the fortunes of the Army of the Potomac, led by its new commander, George Gordon Meade, who was not only untested … attack, and if he succeeded, the general could take all the credit himself. Hamlin arrived, but his efforts only annoyed …
The Algerian flag.

Torture in Iraq: Lessons from Algeria

… These French units exploited the unclear lines of their own command authority to act somewhat independently of the rest of the military. This ambiguous command authority also allowed them to set up a vast network … acceptance of occupation. As Gen. Jacques Massu, commander of the army corps in Algiers, who played a leading …
A Sherman tank enters Fort Santiago

The Battle for Manila

… history of a city that has long sat at the crossroads of competing powers, and it still looms large in the … on the island of Luzon, Spanish conquistadors colonized the site. Menaced by pirates and European competitors, the … Old Bilibid Prison by February 4. By this time the Japanese commander, General Tomoyuki Yamashita, had ordered a …
The Tower of David in the Old City of Jerusalem.

A Peace Plan That May Be Worse Than War

… In preparation for hosting an upcoming summit of Arab heads of state, Saudi Arabian Crown … opportunity to attack Israel and desecrate Jewish religious sites. For 19 years after Israel became a state in 1948 the … centers to artillery bombardment and Jewish religious sites to destruction and desecration. The Saudi proposal …