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General Edmund Allenby entering Jerusalem on December 11, 1917. Allenby dismounted as a sign of respect for the holy city.

The Collapse of Ottoman Power

Review of The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, by Eugene Rogan (New York: Basic Books, 2015)
IRA gunmen in Northern Ireland

From the Cold War to the War on Terror

… dates back well into the Cold War. How did terrorism become a focal point of U.S. foreign policy? How did earlier … deeper history tell us about what terrorism is, how our common assumptions about it might be wrong, and how we … of loosely guided resolution that allows intervention almost at will in multiple countries? To what extent do the …
Group of women protesting against the ERA with signs: "Stop the web of deception," "ERA means Amy register for the draft at 18," "Maternity ward - persons only"

Mom and Apple Pie (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 6)

… and the Equal Rights Amendment being well on its way to becoming the newest tenant of the US Constitution. But it was … only the limited and low paying positions that were deemed suitable for women. Remember that it was Betty Friedan's … could live on dad's single income in the new suburbs, most women didn't have to work. Rather these women were able …
British Fleet Spanish Armada of 1588

1588: the Spanish Armada Still Loses

… finally clashed. Looking beyond the events of 1588 to the complex politics which made war between England and Spain … at the English. This is the English. The grand strategy almost works. May I just refer you back to this engraving made … but what really clinched it was the 1000 gold and silver coins, the 12 gold rings, the six gold chains and the 35 …

Conflict Termination: How to End -- and Not to End -- Insurgencies

… over the trajectory of the on-going American military commitment in Iraq and Afghanistan has combined with … how and when we get out of these wars may be the most important decisions we make in these long and important … and the US in Indochina gets a D-, for exactly the opposite reasons, the French in Algeria get a solid F. The …
Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas, United States President George W. Bush, and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon after reading statement to the press during the closing moments of the Red Sea Summit in Aqaba, Jordan, June 4, 2003.

A Flawed Basis for Middle East Peace

… opportunity to attack Israel and destroy Jewish religious sites. For 19 years after Israel became a state in 1948 the … which escalated into rocket attacks against two of Israel’s most densely populated cities, Ashkelon and Ashdod. When … flaw in the Saudi proposal. No political or territorial compromise on the part of Israel, including diplomatic …
Russian chemist and educator Dmitrii Mendeleev

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

… full paper to the Russian Chemical Society spelling out the most significant aspect of his system, that characteristics … chemists had worked to find an organizing principle that encompassed all of the known elements and that could be … into the system. The discovery of radioactivity in 1896 seemed poised to destroy the periodic system. Chemists had …

Taiwan's 2008 Elections: A New Direction for the 'Other China'?

… is not quite as large as Massachusetts and Rhode Island combined. It is also the second-most densely populated society on earth (after Bangladesh). … (where Ma grew up and went to college), Ma has never visited the Chinese mainland. After graduating at the top of …

Beyond 'Tribes': Violence and Politics in Kenya

… going to take their seats the next day and that they were completely resolute in overturning the election and bringing … that subsequently mobs destroyed the railroad tracks immediately behind it, so I wonder if the school is still … compose the second largest block at 27%, with the next most numerous Kalenjin at 11.5%. Otherwise, Kenya's Maasai …
A group of boys at Chirec International School in India playing Cricket, 2015.

Cricket without Boundaries: The Story of a Global Game

… time that the United States hosted an international cricket competition. In fact, the first international cricket game … States today, it has a much longer history and was once the most popular sport in the country. The 2024 World Cup … British values and served as an important educational medium that could impart British principles of loyalty, …
The remains of the crash of TWA Flight 5 in 1931 [Photo from the Kansas Historical Society]

Top Ten Origins: Aviation Disasters that Improved Safety

… body-scan. Airline passengers in the United States have come to expect these kinds of security measures as a … day. Two more days would pass before boats found the crash site. It took two weeks to salvage the wreck. Twenty-nine … incident faded in the public mind. More importantly, most airline and airport officials did not want security …
A bus that has been blown up by terrorists

A Who’s Who of Jihadi Terrorism in Europe

Review of Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History, by Petter Nesser (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
… , where small teams of mobile gunmen attack multiple sites simultaneously. Nesser’s observation would seem … individuals involved. Drawing from sources as diverse as media reports, expert interviews, judicial papers and jihadi … European cells in Europe and established its own cells commanded directly by leaders in Afghanistan. Despite being …
Hand-coloured woodcut of a Methodist camp meeting in Eastham, Massachusetts, c. 1850.

Promise Keepers Stake Male Claim to Moral and Political Power

… it is 1834, and Reverend Charles Grandison Finney, the most popular evangelist of nineteenth-century America, is … Tocqueville noted in the 1830s, Americans are renowned for combining “separation of church and state” with intense, … among men from varied ethnic backgrounds, the group is aimed at white men. Ethnic minorities do not participate on …
Jackie Robinson

Top Ten Origins: The World Series

… that are landmark moments in baseball’s evolution as a commercial enterprise and its adaptation to the significant … to its status as the only “major” league in baseball. The most enduring of these, the American League, started in … the 1880s. Robinson’s historic and remarkable (he was named the National League’s rookie of the year) season …
Communards with flags

The Socialist Legacy in France

… Thanks for being on the show Professor Conklin and welcome.   Dr. Alice Conklin   Thank you for having me.   … when World War II came along and France collapsed, the most of the socialist deputies in Parliament were part of … in France, if that you think maybe the greater news media has missed in relation to his election?   Dr. Alice …
A dry ice bomb mid-explosion.

It’s Not How to Make a Bomb That’s the Problem, But Why

… from the Internet. Once again, the Internet has become the target of law makers who seek a simple remedy for making a complex world safe again. If only it were … Oklahoma City truck bomb was already known, as were most explosives still accessible to amateurs today. McVeigh …
A photo of Al Gore I\in Manchester, New Hampshire, campaigning for President of the United States in 1999

The Case of the Disappearing Vice President

… the word “CHAOS” ripping open the Constitution. The media’s rush to “healing” following his concession revealed … public may not fear political instability, but the nation’s most influential opinion-makers apparently do. They seem to … votes for president. But he looked like a backwoods ruffian compared with the venerable John Quincy Adams. So elite …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… the forces of change against the forces of order. Even the most trivial aspects of the event connected to larger … antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … that “outside agitators” and “radical elements,” long presumed active in the campus area, were to blame. Kent mayor …
The other side of The Shore, depicting the Maritime House, third from the left. The former headquarters of the National Seamen’s Union are now flats.

A Postcard from Leith, Scotland

… your right, you will encounter the upscale whiskey house, complete with nineteenth-century stone walls that feature … eyesore. With their place on Scotland’s list of historic sites, they now embody what Edinburgh wishes to remember … art, historic preservation, and a vibrant community. The most significant change for Leith, and what many see as the …
European Union flag

The EU: Past, Present, and Future

… organization that has united Europeans in ways that were almost unthinkable a century ago. Today, the EU faces an unprecedented combination of challenges, including a lingering economic … Yeah, go for it Lauren. Lauren Henry   Yeah, I think it's almost impossible to understand European integration without …
An artist's rendering of the Tunguska event

The 1908 Tunguska Event and the Threats of Tomorrow

… No disaster scenario more challenges human hopes to overcome nature’s forces than the sudden and unpredicted strike … indigenous group that resides in central Siberia. The site of the Tunguska explosion in the late 1920s. As Akulina … something suddenly hit her tent and “I was scared, screamed, and woke up Ivan.” As they got up, the tent shook again …
A foreclosure sign in front of a home

Avoiding Market Meltdowns

… more control over the risky lending practices that have harmed homebuyers and frightened investors. We've heard such … reacted by pulling their money from banks and trust companies. The stock market lost nearly half its value. J.P. Morgan, Wall Street's most influential figure, helped to end the crisis by …
A glass negative of Warren G. Harding.

Sex Scandals and U.S. History

… George Santayana made one of the world’s best known comments about history when he said that those who learn … politics since the early Republic, striking at the most and least distinguished of American presidents. But … with his slaves, a point that DNA evidence has confirmed 198 years later, albeit not Callender’s specific …