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Nanci Pelosi standing at a podium with many people behind and beside her

The Contentious ACA

… Tanenbaum , Origins editor Steven Conn , and Tamara Mann as they discuss the contentious history of healthcare policy in the United States—specifically the Affordable Care Act, also known pejoratively and positively as … Leticia Wiggins   Welcome to History Talk Produced by Origins , a project of the …
Title page of the first edition of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, 1818.

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

… nineteen, published the gothic novel Frankenstein. It has become a classic of English literature. Title page of the … in accord with the laws of electricity and Galvanism as they were known in his time. The creature’s appearance with … creates a human being, and as a result he and his family are destroyed by it. But the dark consequences of …
typewriter

Between Black and White

The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations
… The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Between Black and White: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Betw-een Black and -white: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations Despite the … the stark social, economic, and political inequalities that they face as a group. They are disproportionately …
Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… history. While environmental factors like climatic changes are addressed, this work is not focused on ecological communities or human impact on marine habitats . Rather, … as the fifth part of the book, which addresses modern topics like the Panama Canal, steamships, and wartime …
These false killer whales were part of an MSE in Flinders Bay, Australia, July of 1986.

Washed Ashore: Marine Mammals from Medieval Times to Today

… Pilot whales stranded on Farewell Spit, 2015. On 13 February 2015,  198 pilot whales … and tied to ropes and anchors off the bay, left to decompose within the ecosystem. Europeans who lived in the … the meat, blubber, and bones of a single whale or monster they can fill between 250 and 300 carts. After they have put …
The port of İzmir, pictured here in 1883, was an Ottoman quarantine station.

Pandemics in Ottoman History: Plague, Cholera, and Influenza

… ecology and disease. Indeed, this earlier experience with combating plague served the Ottomans well as they entered the nineteenth century, when they faced, during … were just as unpopular in the Ottoman Empire as they are today . People from all walks of life became quite adept …
Pakistan to US Student Exchange Program, July 2011.

Captive Scholarship Serves Nobody Well

… world, the more necessary a knowledge of foreign nations becomes. Yet Congress is trying to handicap that endeavor by … to the state above intellectual independence. Politicians rarely appreciate scholarly diversity and critical judgment. … Board to monitor area studies programs to insure that they adequately represent the goals and needs of U.S. …
An artist's rendering of the Tunguska event

The 1908 Tunguska Event and the Threats of Tomorrow

… No disaster scenario more challenges human hopes to overcome nature’s forces than the sudden and unpredicted strike … unnerving because increasingly scientists know how much they don’t know. In recent years, efforts to monitor … near-earth objects. But all these years later, we still aren’t exactly sure what happened there. Even unequivocally …
Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… spirit and with a large gesture invite an enemy to become an angel without further preparation or a flying … Lusatians and other stripes and variations of the type. They were forest-dwelling tribes living in square-built log houses generally provided with a door, a …
The Education of Little Tree by Forest Carter book cover.

Fake Autobiographies: A Great American Tradition

… cons. First, let's dispose of the idea that these books are merely evidence of deplorable new trends in the world of publishing. Rather, they fall into a centuries-old American tradition: the … as fakes should make readers ask why these cliches are so compelling in the first place. Autobiographies, with their …
Mosaics from the apse in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE.

The Justinianic Plague

… first appears in our sources in 541 CE. The pandemic reappeared in waves in different regions over the next two hundred … Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE. Because there have been multiple … rats were the primary “vectors” of the disease—meaning that they were the animals that carried the fleas, which act as …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… the course of Christianity and western civilization. Commemorative Playmobil figure of Martin Luther. But to stop … indulgence from the church that would shorten the time that they would have to spend in purgatory before being admitted … no claim to be speaking for non-Europeans. But when he shared these ideas in Wittenberg, the early phase of …
Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company book cover.

Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England

Review of Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company (New York, 2006)
… won a resounding victory, and thanks to William Shakespeare that victory has been immortalized. Juliet Barker's … unalloyed sense of justification: She announces that the outcome of the battle of Agincourt showed "God had chosen to … darkened over," or that soldiers were "clambering on top of the heaps of slain to butcher … Frenchmen below," …
President Ronald Reagan during an interview in 1988.

Marking a Tragic Anniversary

… of his presidency. He vowed to fire the controllers if they did not return to work within 48 hours. The president … power that led many voters to embrace Reagan’s message are also long gone. And, as President Bill Clinton put it … legacy with which Americans will sooner or later have to come to terms: today we live in a society of greater …
Generals Eisenhower and Patton at the Ohrdruf Concentration Camp

On the Liberation of the Concentration Camps

… War II in Europe. This year as in previous ones, Europeans commemorated VE (Victory in Europe) Day with a combination of somber remembrance and celebration. As we … utilizing their network of extermination camps as they sought to realize their barbarous mission. As the war …
Palais de Beaulieu

The Theological Third Way in Latin America

Review of A Gospel for the Poor: Global Social Christianity and the Latin American Evangelical Left, by David C. Kirkpatrick (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
… Spirit, teaching them to obey everything I [Jesus] have commanded you” (Matthew 28:19 NIV). This Great Commission … Lausanne Congress on World Evangelization in 2010. Both are eminent theologians and long-time supporters of the … sold its practices to the conservative Religious Right. They did so primarily through NGOs, which created …
Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Book Cover.

Hanoi Central

Review of Hanoi's War: An International History of the War for Peace in Vietnam, by Lien-Hang T. Nguyen Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012
… powerful leaders, Le Duan and Le Duc Tho, the police state they and their comrades built in the North to solidify their power and … One, "The Path to Revolutionary War," follows the early careers of the "Comrades Le" and their effort to build a …
View of the Solovetskii Monastery.

A Postcard from Solovki

… stand at the bow of the ferry as the water of the White Sea comes in wave after wave through the hole in the gunwale for … Islands (a.k.a. Solovki) and the Solovetskii Monastery as they come into view from the ferry. Coming Closer: The … A center of Russian Orthodoxy for centuries, the islands are a Russian national park and have been a UNESCO World …
dollar bill with image of capitol building in front of it

Deeper Than the “Deep State”: Follow the Money

… the president’s bold moves and supporters think the critics are trying to hem in needed reforms of government, all … a year into Trump’s second term, his own supporters have become suspicious that even his Justice Department has joined … solving.  While Republicans worry more about the debt, they rarely consider savings from government spending on the …
American soldier conducting patrol with an Iraqi soldier.

What the Vietnam War Tells Us About Iraq

… bringing U.S. troops home. But several months ago, just as they began returning, a guerrilla war erupted and, despite … bloodletting in Iraq, a military occupation whose motives are being seriously questioned, just as were the motives for … attempted the same kind of program in Vietnam. It failed completely. The second measure calls for an Iraqi government …
A wheat field in Ukraine resembles the colors on the country's flag.

Ukraine: The Breadbasket of Europe

… concern about the war’s impact on global agricultural commodity markets: the disruption to Ukrainian agricultural … in the popular media suggest the wider world had been unaware that Ukraine is so important to the world’s food … became net meat importers. At the same time, between them they ended up exporting 36 million tons of grain per year by …
The Alcoholics Anonymous logo at a church. (Image by Rachel K)

A Brief History of Alcoholics Anonymous

… Ohio surgeon, co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous in Akron when they met for the first time on June 10, 1935.  This chance … Jung.  Jung suggested that alcoholism might only be overcome through a profound spiritual experience. Following … fourth time, to Towns Hospital in New York City under the care of Dr. William Silkworth.  Considered an expert in the …