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History Teaching: Still Crazy After All These Years

… are crazy or not. Identify the source of this quotation: “Surely a grade of 33 in 100 on the simplest and most obvious … which any high school can take pride.” Does this statement come from: (a) A 1987 National Assessment, after which … historian Diane Ravitch hitched her worries about our future to the idea that our nation’s strength is endangered …
Paul Bremer in 2003.

Iraq Repeats Long-Ago Mistakes in the Philippines

… experience in the Philippines provides a clear object lesson in how to handle the Iraqi situation. And that lesson … system to our liking. Similarly, we have been caught by surprise to find that those we liberated have their own … force will be counterproductive in Iraq. Negotiation and compromise will help us sort out Iraqi patriots from …
Paul Bremer in 2003.

Iraq Repeats Long-Ago Mistakes in the Philippines

… experience in the Philippines provides a clear object lesson in how to handle the Iraqi situation. And that lesson … system to our liking. Similarly, we have been caught by surprise to find that those we liberated have their own … force will be counterproductive in Iraq. Negotiation and compromise will help us sort out Iraqi patriots from …
Space Shuttle Columbia launching

Can We Boldly Go There Any More?

… atmosphere. The second fact will be relearned in the coming weeks as we emerge from our shock at this tragedy and … manned spacecraft were designed and closely monitored to ensure the crew’s safety. In contrast, almost any good … whether the real ones or the Star Trek characters from the future, just as pilots did in the 1920s and 1930s. They …
Vegetables from ecological farming.

Bringing Democrats and Republicans Together over Food

… be a wonderful gift. Before scrapping that wish as hopeless, consider one area where the two sides do have a … worst enemies of peace."   Democrats and Republicans could surely come together to realize that children overseas dying or …
Pancho Villa and followers.

Mexico’s Great Transition

… for granted ever since, 200 years ago, the United States survived an acid test of constitutional government when … taking power.  What ought to be changes of government become changes of regime. Putsches and revolutions substitute … republic. As a result, no doubt the day will soon come when parties in Mexico, like those in the United …
Ludwig van Beethoven in front of sheet music from his first symphony.

Beethoven’s First Symphony

… the aristocracy-based patronage system, which had sustained composers for generations.  Now, middle-class audiences … Although he eventually shelved it, some of its ideas resurface in the First Symphony.  Beethoven turned thirty in … that of any ordinary minuet, nudges the listener toward the future, a point the late American conductor and pianist …
Map showing position of North Korea relative to China

What Are They Thinking in Beijing?

… once but twice this year. First, in the spring, it took a surprisingly hard line toward the nuclear posturing by … protests in Hong Kong that have directly challenged Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies and yet have not been … Cultural Revolution decade (1966-1976), when the CCP was less dependable, since it was prone to let ideological …
Stamp commemorating revolution in Iraq

Iraq's 1920 Revolution

… A commemorative 1965 Iraqi stamp marking the 45th anniversary … city dwellers and tribespeople. It caught the British by surprise, and changed the trajectory of modern Iraqi … era, erased the contributions of Shi'i leaders and gave credit for initiating the uprising to a secondary Sunni …
Ukrainian soldier with blue and yellow ribbon overlay

Understanding the War in Ukraine: Insights from the Recent Past, 1991—Present

… Dr. Angela Brintlinger  Welcome, everybody. I went ahead and turned off my email so it … Ukraine and Georgia would join NATO at some point in the future. I don't have time to go into this in detail. But I … a subset of the Russians, he's achieved the exact opposite. Because this has inspired a great deal of Ukrainian …
State of Israel Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon, pictured during a defense meeting held at the Pentagon in Washington, District of Columbia (DC).

Is Sharon Following in the Steps of Nixon and de Klerk?

… He has been engaging in serious negotiations with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas. It was Sharon’s visit to … like the ultimate historical irony. But we shouldn’t be surprised. History provides some precedent for this apparent transformation. Sharon is working toward complete Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip, …

The Catholic Church and Sexual Abuse, Then and Now

… his resignation in July 2018. In an extraordinary measure, he was removed from the priesthood in February 2019.  … changing sexual mores since the 1960s. Occasionally, commentators have referred to an insular institutional … nature. A fresco in the Church of the Incoronata in Naples, Italy painted between 1352 and 1354, entitled …
H.G. Wells’s novel, War of the Worlds, described hissing, tentacled, tripodal invaders from Mars.

Orson Welles’s “War of the Worlds” Radio Broadcast

… an enterprising radio newsman unsatisfied with the comments from an obscure Midwestern astronomer, sped to … By the time Phillips got there, hundreds of curious locals surrounded the scene.  But the intrepid reporter muscled his … in Grover's Mill, NJ commemorating the “Martian landing site” of Welles’s broadcast. It was a fatal decision.  …
USS ARIZONA sinking during the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941.

The 1942 Internments and Today’s Security Crisis

… judgments on the treatment of Arab-Americans. Following the surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, … a national security threat. While the order legally encompassed Germans and Italians, in practice only the … months after Pearl Harbor reflects Biddle’s stubborn, if futile, resistance to the plan. Currently, the attorney …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… of the Iraq conflict into a low level but nonetheless murderous civil war between Sunnis and Shi'is has … in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that Americans' understanding of the carnage is …
A Sherman tank enters Fort Santiago

The Battle for Manila

… history of a city that has long sat at the crossroads of competing powers, and it still looms large in the … on the island of Luzon, Spanish conquistadors colonized the site. Menaced by pirates and European competitors, the … of Manila. The American headquarters on Corregidor Island surrendered in May, and the Japanese paraded the prisoners …
Launching of the USS RALPH JOHNSON in Mississippi.

A New Cold War in the Caribbean?

… The cause of his outburst? Likely American protests in the future over his moves to hold joint exercises in the … in 1962 when the Soviets agreed to dismantle weapons sites in Cuba. Given Kennedy's brinksmanship, however, … bring countries like Venezuela and Russia together. To his credit, Barack Obama has been less bellicose. At the height …
Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, 1987

The Imperial Presidency Pushes Back

Review of Iran Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power, by Malcolm Byrne (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2014)
… could operate off the books. Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast … North suggested to the National Security Council that future arms deals happen directly through the United States …
The Industrial Workers of the World poster "Pyramid of Capitalist System" (1911).

Is Greed Good? It Depends on the Times

… financial titans who amassed riches while pushing their companies and the American economy over the cliff. But will … Complaints appear frequently during hard times but are less audible in days of prosperity. When the economy … to act swiftly. Once the stock market bounces back, pressure to rein in greed will diminish.   Until the recent …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… allows us to reflect on such important ideas as justice, communal violence, and political legitimacy. Like any civil … of traditional and modern society. McIntosh thought the future of the Creek people was tied to the development of … Creek people lost. Andrew Jackson accepting the Red Stick surrender after the Battle of Horseshoe Bend). Two hundred …

With a Little Help from Our Friends?: The Costs of Coalition Warfare

… Hornet pilots defied the orders of their American commanding officers. These pilots independently aborted 40 … lives and material outlays than fighting alone. On the surface, coalition warfare would seem to be far preferable … of coalition warfare derives also from the prerequisites of developing a coherent multinational fighting force. …