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A Hawaiian man employing the spearfishing techniques described by Fagan, circa 1890.

Built Upon Bounty

Review of Fishing: How the Sea Fed Civilization, by Brian Fagan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… Some of the earliest evidence of Homo sapien s fishing comes from Central Africa where catfish were captured using … This is the remarkable story that Brian Fagan tells in his most recent work, Fishing: How the Sea Fed Civilization . An … limited written records do exist, such as in the case of medieval Europe, evidence from isotope analysis of bones …

American Presidential Scandals

… extend as far back as the late Soviet era. Previously, the most outlandish and perplexing scandal in American political … Jefferson’s first vice president. He was never particularly trusted or valued in the role, however, and was dropped from … was more complex and more closely fought. The intended site of the Whitewater Development Corporation along the …
Cover of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North by Thomas J. Sugrue.

Movement North

Review of Sweet Land of Liberty: The Forgotten Struggle for Civil Rights in the North, by Thomas J. Sugrue (New York: Random House, 2008)

WikiLeaks, and the Past and Present of American Foreign Relations

… Arabic, European, and Persian architectural styles, the complex embodied purposefully Egypt's place at the … story since it broke in 2010. Despite the fact that most foreign leaders quickly dismissed the material as … Little was known of the man beyond the fact that he had visited a website associated with radical Islam—but his name …
The Statue of Liberty during the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse.

Solar Eclipses in American History

… widely through Europe. But for all his wanderlust, his most vivid memory stemmed not from this earth but beyond.  … have heralded eclipses as portentous, ominous events. Sites aligned to solstices and equinoxes—England’s … total solar eclipse . Dating to 1223 BCE in Syria, it was accompanied by the appearance of  Mars in the sky and …

The Question of Refugees: Past and Present

… fundamental issues. One consideration is that, since 2011, most Syrian refugees either remain in Syria as internally … face an uncertain future in the sprawling Dadaab camp complex in Kenya barely register on the radar of the global … die along the way or soon after arrival. This mass gravesite for 70 children lies just outside the camp ( top ). The …

Clash in the Caucasus: Georgia, Russia, and the Fate of South Ossetia

… Ossetia, or what Georgians call Samachablo. Georgia claimed it was responding to a Russian invasion. Russia, whose … unrecognized until recently by anyone in the international community. It has its own government, though largely staffed … horribly and fled their homes, but in the end it was mostly Georgian villages that were ethnically cleansed. …

Clampdown and Blowback: How State Repression Has Radicalized Islamist Groups in Egypt

… 2013. The video quickly went viral on news and social media sites and was watched not only by fellow Morsi supporters … that the man’s predictions for the future of Egypt may be coming true. Since the coup that ousted Morsi, the Egyptian … Brotherhood ( Jamā`at al-Ikhwān al-Muslimīn ), one of the most important Islamic revivalist organizations of the past …
Emergency servicemen and volunteers remove rubble and demine territory after Russian shelling, Kyiv, Oblast, 2022.

Ukrainian Architecture at War

… to consider Ukraine’s architecture during war first and foremost because it is important to the Ukrainian people . … Derzhprom building on Kharkiv’s Freedom Square is the most complete example of constructivist architecture in the world … a speedy two and a half years, 5,000 workers labored on the site working in three shifts using simple hand tools, …
New York City in 1932.

Black Tuesday II

… in 2001. Pearl Harbor is the historical analogy heard most often  since the attack on the World Trade Center, but a comparison of the Black Tuesdays of 1929 and 2001 is equally … we have to fear is fear itself,” Franklin D. Roosevelt affirmed at his inauguration in 1933 —  “nameless, unreasoning, …
The Taras Shevchenko monument in Borodyanka, Ukraine damaged by the Russian attack, April 2022.

Taras Shevchenko, Poet of Ukraine

… of the modern Ukrainian literary language, he is also the most important symbol of modern Ukrainian nationhood. Born a … He painted Ukrainian national landscapes and historical sites in an album he titled Picturesque Ukraine . He also … was, but we should keep this as it is now.” Learn More: The Complete Kobzar: The Poetry of Taras Shevchenko. Translated …
Ukrainian refugees board a train in Lviv, February 2022.

West Ukraine’s War Stories: A New Chapter?

… the collapsing Habsburg and Romanov empires fought a doomed battle in World War I and where Nazi Germany and … this region has also been central to Ukraine’s complex journey to define itself. In the Soviet era and in … about west Ukraine and its diverse population. West Ukraine most often describes the territories that once made up the …

Alawites and the Fate of Syria

… “elected” president of Syria. The unrest resulted from a combination of socio-economic and political problems that … in Syria, they are little known outside the region. In most discussions of the Syrian civil war, the most neglected … mosques. At the same time, however, Assad not only placed trusted Alawites in key positions of the regime's security …
U.S. Supreme Court building.

Tearing Down the “Wall of Separation between Church and State”

… inaccurate, always misapplied metaphor that unnecessarily complicates our thinking surrounding religion and politics.  … and blessing of the Common Father and Creator of man." Most other Founders shared Jefferson's sense that the First … champion of religious liberty, James Madison — proclaimed national days of thanksgiving, fasting, and prayer. And …
Logo of the Merida Initiative.

War on Drugs: What Won’t Work — Again

… U.S.-Mexican border into a war zone. The initiative is the most recent chapter in the long history of attempts to … is certainly understandable; drug-related violence has claimed more than 1,500 lives in Mexico over the last two years, … are ruthlessly terrorizing Nuevo Laredo and other border communities. In the past, though, security-first strategies …
Cover of Guantánamo, USA The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost by Stephen Irving Max Schwab.

Guantanamo For Beginners

Review of Guantanamo, USA: The Untold History of America's Cuban Outpost, by Stephen Irving Max Schwab (University Press of Kansas, 2009)
… Guantanamo Bay has become one the most infamous places on earth.  In the United … functions, Schwab argues that Guantanamo was a sight of mediation from its earliest days, and that that role took on …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… are everywhere. Syrian and Eritrean refugees cross the Mediterranean, bound for Europe in less-than-seaworthy … work begun some 30 years earlier by the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR) of the League of Nations . … the aftermath of global conflicts and political upheaval. Most of the holders of Nansen passports between the world …
A posthumous portrait of Ferdinand Magellan, painted c. 16th or 17th century

Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Earth

… Thus began the first recorded trip around the globe. An almost unimaginably difficult and perilous journey for the … in, some of them to work off debts. Magellan’s second-in-command was the Spanish overseer and accountant, Juan de … of Magellan (left) ; a plaque in Cebu commemorating the site of Magellan's death, Philippines (right). Raja Humabon, …
Flag of United States Semiquincentennial

Happy 250th Birthday America!

… by seven miles of avenues and footpaths. Exhibits of almost every kind sponsored by individual states, by thirty other countries, and by private companies. Some visitors recorded that they left simply overwhelmed by it all. 1776, however, or the American Revolution …
President Richard Nixon in 1969.

The Broken Scandal-Reform Cycle

… Ever since Watergate, campaign finance reformers have come to expect great legislative victories in the wake of presidential funding scandals. After all, most federal campaign finance laws on the books today were … the law. (Foreign contributions to the Democrats were the most highly publicized example, but both parties raised …
Fort Bragg sign - home of the Airborne and Special Operations Forces

Renaming Southern Army Bases Is Nothing New

… Once again U.S. Army bases named for confederate leaders are in the news cycle. The … life came during training at Fort Benning, Georgia. Like most young privates, I was more concerned with the heat and … moves from the Jim Crow era. The opportunity to change our common legacy rests fully in our hands. Renaming these bases …
Spanish and French troops in Afghanistan in 2005.

Calling Al-Qaeda Fascist Doesn’t Make It So

… a "totalitarian ideology" menacing people everywhere. This comparison between Islamic radicalism and fascism, which … and ultimately harmful. Because fascism, at least in its most familiar German incarnation, was a genocidal, … also espouses radical antisemitism, which it shares with most, though not all, European fascists. Al-Qaedas use of …