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An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… had obtained independence. Morton tracks major individuals, companies, and governments taking part in the search for commercially viable oil sources as well as the negotiation … of oil concessions between local powers and major oil companies (oil majors) such as Anglo-Iranian (later BP), …
Mexican flag in a square

Una Postal de la Ciudad de México

… ubicada en las afueras de la Ciudad de México, prosperó como una ciudad hace casi dos mil años. El ascenso y la … Ellos fundaron la ciudad que hoy en día se conoce como la Ciudad de México. Se cree que la civilización Azteca … que recibieron esa señal, y como resultado, los Aztecas decidieron de llamar a su nuevo hogar Tenochtitlán. La bandera …
An AIDS testing site in Moscow, 1987.

The Blame Game: The USSR’s Response to HIV/AIDS

… for the virus and denied the possibility of extensive community spread among the Soviet population—offers a … epidemic presented a dilemma for Soviet leadership. It coincided with expansive reforms to “open up” the Soviet … the World Health Organization (WHO). This partnership coincided with the end of the Cold War and helped to assert …
Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells Book cover.

Shakespeare For All Time

Review of Shakespeare For All Time, by Stanley Wells (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003)
… testifies to this fascination. William Shakespeare has become more than a brilliant playwright from Stratford-upon-Avon: he has become the stuff of myth. Stanley Wells' Shakespeare For All … is an argument that is likely to hit home with his target audience, many of whom are likely to be commuters themselves. …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … recorded residents speaking over 1600 native tongues. It is common to find people who can fluently function in more than … that his rejuvenation adventure would hurl him into a completely new world and would become the most joyful …
Mosaics from the apse in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE.

The Justinianic Plague

… reportedly a casualty of the disease, although he did not die from it. Mosaics from the apse in the Basilica of San … Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE. Because there have been multiple … the plague’s social and economic impact on the infected community. Our best historical source is Procopius of …
Cover of Song of Wrath The Peloponnesian War Begins by J. E. Lendon.

A Time For War

Review of Song of Wrath: The Peloponnesian War Begins, by J.E. Lendon (Basic Books, New York, 2010)
… chapter two by the motivations and actions that led to the coming of the Ten Years' War. In chapter three, Lendon … in the political dimension. If one Greek state gave a command to another, this usually implied that the commanded … and a grand reinterpretation into this extensively studied war. …

The Question of Refugees: Past and Present

… face an uncertain future in the sprawling Dadaab camp complex in Kenya barely register on the radar of the global … Somalia must first walk for weeks across a desert and many die along the way or soon after arrival. This mass gravesite … that the institutional innovations in post-1945 Europe coincided with ambitious plans for the reconstruction of …

Population Bomb? The Debate over Indian Population

… unrest that followed. To explain this food crisis to an audience in St. Louis in May 2008, then-President George W. … the early nineteenth century, when the British East India Company controlled an increasing swath of territory across the subcontinent, Company officials pronounced that large and expanding …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… about water: it rarely stays put. Wastes discharged into bodies of water tend to wind up in other bodies of water … more and more reliant on toxic substances, the shortcomings of this approach became increasingly apparent. The … pollution along the Ohio, undertaken by the Public Health Service with the help of the Army Corps of Engineers. …
Spraying Pesticides - NARA 1940

Fifty Years After “Silent Spring,” Let’s Not Roll Back Environmental Protections

… by killer chemicals unwittingly unleashed by the scientific community. “Future historians may well be amazed by our … New Yorker serialized “Silent Spring,” a California reader complained to the magazine’s editor that “Miss Rachel … of insecticide manufacturers probably reflects her communist sympathies,” adding, “As for insects, isn’t it …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … not permanent safety. As dreams of destroying communism died, Truman’s approval ratings steadily declined. When the … of Colorado at Boulder and a writer for History News Service. …
The Statue of Liberty in New York City.

Where Will “Liberation” Lead?

… Choosing to back dictators such as South Vietnam’s Ngo Dinh Diem, Nicaragua’s Anastasio Somoza, and Iran’s Muhammad Reza … of Guatemala’s Jacobo Arbenz dared to undertake a comprehensive land reform campaign, nationalize corporate property and open diplomatic relations with communist countries in 1954, Washington was quick to …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… seats in parliament. Morsi was the winner of Egypt’s first competitive presidential election, but his government was … Family Development, and “Nazra” Association for Feminist Studies. The coalition was effective in organizing against the … illiteracy among women, providing information about health services and disease prevention, and important legislation …
College Green, Ohio University, 1973.

Our Gilded Bronze Age of Higher Education

… with huge endowments and palatial dormitories, dining services, and athletic facilities . Public favor for the … universities to yield an annual, independent source of income. Endowment size has served as a proxy for academic … as well as the pursuit of grants and government subsidies. Tuition hikes also seemed to manifest the incessant …
A scene from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

Remembering '56: The Hungarian Revolution

… ill-fated revolution that ended with the re-imposition of Communist rule and the flight of some 200,000 Hungarians to … been stationed in Hungary since 1944. Since his Hungarian Communist Party took power in 1948, Rákosi had presided over … troops supported by Hungarian security forces. Red Army soldiers and other emblems of Soviet repression were among the …
Sister Rosetta Tharpe

The Mother of Rock and Roll

… disc jockey Alan Freed crowing “That’s Bill Haley and the Comets rockin’ and rollin’ you with ‘Shake, Rattle and … that saw gospel music as not merely accompaniment for services but as a way to win souls for the Lord. Her later … even of sexuality. Tharpe’s career was cut short when she died of complications from diabetes in 1973, at the age of …
Colin Kaepernick and teammates kneeling

The Long View of Sports Protests

… Brenna Miller    Welcome to History Talk the podcast that brings together a … where you find examples of athletes finding a large audience maybe in some ways, whether they're seeking a large … Vinas-Nelson. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more on our website
Cover of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty by Kirsten McKenzie.

What's in a Name?

Review of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty , by Kirsten McKenzie (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2010)
… suffering a "bad case of footnote paranoia" (291).  While completing a last minute source review before sending her … The swindler—now called John Dow—was exiled to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) for his crime.  But before his ship … and should not be treated, he decided to make himself "Commissioner appointed to receive and transmit to His …
Israeli troops during the battle for the Sinai

The Suez Crisis (1956)

… the international order was disrupted by the Suez Crisis, a complicated imbroglio marked by the intersection of European … Premier Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Company after the United States and Britain refused to … effect on November 7, tensions gradually eased. UNEF soldiers arrived in Egypt on November 15 and were positioned …
Lockheed u 2c aircraft Image from Public domain images website

Brandishing Nukes–A Self-Defeating Policy

… translated into action. In the 1950s, President Eisenhower committed the U.S. government to a first-strike nuclear … “shock and awe.” Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer for History News Service. …