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U.S. Marines holding Sandino's Flag - Nicaragua 1932.

The Costs of Intervention

… to broker an agreement between warring political factions. Nationalist Augusto Sandino and his followers rejected the … the country in 1933, Sandino was still at large, but the national guard had come under the control of Anastasio … will be defeated any time soon. At the same time, the national armies we are training could end up being used to …
Ration distribution point.

The Other War in Pakistan

… Taliban and al-Qaida. Aiding the refugees is clearly in the national interest of the United States.   The United States … be key allies in the Cold War struggle against the Soviet Union. As Secretary of State George C. Marshall said in … Diplomacy/International Relations …
Statue of Samuel J. Tilden in New York City.

Presidential Electoral Controversy Nothing New in Florida

… As in the 2000 election, the Democratic candidate led the national popular balloting, with a 300,000-vote advantage. … in the balance. Now, as then, the Democratic candidate led nationally in the popular vote, as well as in the electoral …
The Prairie Dog is an anti-Jefferson satire, relating to Jefferson's covert negotiations for the purchase of West Florida from Spain in 1804.

Not American Enough? This Political Slur Has a Long History

…   In the twentieth century, perceived sympathy for the Soviet Union was regarded as un-American. Those who disapproved of … him during his 1936 reelection campaign by calling him "the Soviet candidate." Anti-Roosevelt newspapers struck this …
Photo from 1890 of the first OSU football team

Taylor Branch on the Crisis of College Sports

… history of the American university system and the National Collegiate Athletic Association, or NCAA. In … to see an amateurish Rose Bowl or college football game on national television, they want to see high performance. On … time that recently you had an effort at Northwestern to unionize players, which is a truly bizarre concept, because …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… $105 billion, but by 2009 Brazil provided the International Monetary Fund with $10 billion in financing. … industrial working classes through state-controlled labor unions and social welfare programs. At the conclusion of … and helped create the state's first workers' union. She served in municipal and state legislatures in …
Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Olympics

Revival and Reinvention: the Olympic Games, Athens 1896

… of sporting excellence. Often motivated by a mix of nationalism and pedagogy, events appropriating the word … direct connection with the 1896 Games sponsored by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) under the leadership of … reformer who believed sport could be a vehicle serving both nationalist and internationalist goals, combining …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and led … caused a schism with the NAWSA and led her to establish the National Woman’s Party. This fractured the women’s movement, …
Official portrait of President Gerald R. Ford (February 25, 1976).

Will Vindication Elude Ford?

… of Ford’s good work in bringing what he called “our long national nightmare” to an end, the focus has always been on …
Voting booths

America's Post-Election Political Landscape

… the degree to which the Democrats rebuilt themselves as a national party in the 1860s and 1870s, on a quite explicitly … the Democrats noticed that they weren't going to carry a national election with that in mind. And so at that point, … recently based a great deal of its legitimacy on the internationalist nature of its foreign policy views. That was …
Saxonburg Memorial Church.

Does the First Amendment Separate Church and State?

… the First Amendment meant only to prohibit establishing a national church, while permitting government to pursue other … specifically rejected narrow language merely forbidding a national church.   In June 1789 Congress declined a proposal … amendment about religion that said, "nor shall any national religion be established." In September 1789, …
Crowd photo at the 2017 Women's March in Washington DC

The Way We Never Were (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 1)

… War. Closely connected, when the Civil War ended and the Union had won. Many female abolitionists believed that women … were being drafted, many of the male abolitionists and Union elected officials begin to balk at the idea of … The most notorious one was the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the WCTU. And it was founded in Hillsboro, Ohio, in …

The Illegalization of Marijuana: A Brief History

… began warning of a dire threat posed by narcotics to national survival and the national character. Newspapers and magazines published … The Committee for Economic Development and the Consumers Union agreed. The New York Times , Washington Post , and the …
a billboard with flags of many countries and the word Peace on it.

A Conscientious Objector Looks Back

… wall until he calmed down. of alternative service in the national interest. down. Edwards remembers certain … and threw glass IV bottles of "alternative service in the national intermilitary bureaucracy and the of a draft …
Engraving of Robespierre.

The New Species of Terrorism

… to win attention. But it was Algeria’s Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN), seeking independence from France, that … in Spain, Quebecois in Canada, Palestinian and Irish nationalists, Marxist cabals in Africa and Latin America. By … peace agreement, the Iranian revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan — terrorists began hailing …
 Reagan in 1982.

Measuring Reagan for Greatness

… Although Reaganomics was not a complete success — the national debt soared — 20 million new jobs were created … Reagan’s vision for his foreign policy centered on the Soviet Union. In 1980, he took a hard line on the Cold War and …
Veterans Day Poster 1980.

Keeping Veterans Day Alive

… day of observance in the United States in 1926 and a national holiday in 1938. For decades, American school …

Sudan in Crisis

… in April 2019. On February 22, al-Bashir had delivered a nationally broadcast response to the protests. He opened on … refugees reside in camps in neighboring Chad. The International Criminal Court has indicted al-Bashir for war … groups in Darfur, are under the control of the Sudanese National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS), which …
Cygnet, Ohio, in Wood County was a booming oil town with 13 saloons and many workers when this photo was taken in 1885.

An Energy Plan for You!

… America. The movement brought us not only Earth Day but the National Environmental Protection Act, clean air … the development of alternative energy resources; it raised national consciousness about pipelines in Alaska, strip … Gas and oil prospectors may soon be drilling wells in national wilderness preserves, and nobody in the Bush …
Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy, by Eric D. Weitz Book Cover

Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy

Review of Weimar Germany: Promise and Tragedy, by Eric D. Weitz (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2007)
… high points of the Weimar period from the shadows of National Socialism mostly succeed in capturing the … population. The difference between the conservative German National People's Party and the Communist parties is … evident in the contrast between the posters: the Nationalist advertisement uses an image of traditional …