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… The early version was small (around 30 clerics) and comprised only of “cardinal priests” who served parishes … evidence, and most scholars think that Peter died somewhere far from Rome, probably never having even … Nevertheless, Christians in Rome from the third century commemorated Peter as their founding apostle and first …

… In fact, as surprising as it may be to sports watchers and commentators, how Americans talk about sports today is a … interpreted the classical past. We hear these classical comparisons especially in discussions about collegiate … participation done for the love of sport—or practiced something enough like it to justify modern conceptions of …

… was the opening act of the full-scale invasion of Poland as some one-and-a-half million men of the German Army moved out of their encampments and into combat. It was the beginning of a war over the future of … extent of the death, destruction and disorganization this combined fire caused in three short hours was incredible. By …

… who view the dead and choose to remember them. This is a complex work.  Equal parts philosophical treatise, … the dead.  At the same time, the memories of others become simplified and dehumanized, only victim or enemy.  The … these acts are committed.  He also takes an original, if somewhat controversial among some circles, tack of including …

… How do cold wars begin? The question is becoming more than academic as the Bush administration gropes its way toward a policy on China. Some voices within the administration advocate a Clintonian … one required Truman to choose between a more and a less compromising stance. The president followed no grand design. …

… 2001, that the nation’s highest award has been presented. Some believe the number is too low. In the National Defense … whether there is an inadvertent subjective bias amongst commanders that has contributed to the low numbers of awards … Gates to report back to the House and Senate Armed Services Committees next March.   The standards for this nation’s …

… German Reinheitsgebot, or beer purity law. Originally a somewhat mundane trade regulation law, the Reinheitsgebot is … the price of beer per Maß (a Bavarian liter) and to limit competition for cereal grains used to bake bread. A … or Hefeweizen ) survived in spite of the ban on wheat in commercial and private production. The Duke of Wittelsbach, …

… administration has added more than 1,000 individuals and companies to sanctions lists. The president has gloried in his seemingly awesome powers. Trump threatened to “totally destroy and … from trade networks and the global financial system has become Washington’s foreign policy tool of choice. Indeed, the …

… to support their own operations, but Army Air Force commanders tried instead to amass all the planes they could … is that what we have seen in Yugoslavia is likely to become the pattern for future U.S. interventions. But there is … military — despite 79 days of heavy bombing – tells us something very important: What forced Yugoslavia to give in …

… of Lesbians and Gays Everywhere—organizations that had come out of gay-father activism of the 1980s—wrote a brief … with children have laid the groundwork for what has now become a central focus on domestic and family rights in the … largely unthinkable in mainstream society. Yet courts did sometimes take children away from women and men because of …

… 2019, I visited Northern Pakistan to trek in the shadows of some of the tallest mountains on earth. As a launching pad … of only 0.75 years of schooling during their lifetime as compared to rural boys who receive 10.76 years. Further, … higher education. Even so, one former graduate has almost completed her master’s studies in International Relations, …

… academics who can’t find gainful employment in academia. Some of them serve as “adjunct faculty members,” the migrant … on faculty hires. Suddenly, new Ph.D.s found themselves competing with a hundred or even a thousand other candidates … despondent souls at any academic conference, squirming uncomfortably in their suits and waiting — always waiting for …

… must have been the first Thanksgiving, right? Wrong again. Some El Paso, Texas, citizens claim that the first … Thanksgiving.” For 136 years, Thanksgiving has been a day commemorated across America. It gives us a moment to recall … inhale the heady aromas of our new harvests; to relish the coming together, once again, of family and good friends; to …

… population walked out of the Istanbul meeting as well, complaining that the SNC had no intention of setting up a … or excesses, and ensure equitable representation of all components of society." The Covenant envisaged the … by heavenly religions and international conventions." Some of these democratic elements were discernible in the …

… the flag. In the army we used to have a saying about troublesome people getting their ass in a sling. Now we have people … advertising–presumably this would apply to businesses now competing the have the biggest flag in the neighborhood. One … systematize them and bring them up to date, not as commandments but as guidance for people who prefer to salute …

… that, 17 years after its inception, remains stubbornly incomplete. On the positive side, the Belfast Agreement (commonly referred to as the Good Friday agreement as it was … rejection of the very idea of monarchy in favor of some form of republic. For a great many Irish nationalists, …

… last history play Henry VIII: Or, All is True. A volatile combination of a cheap roof and pyrotechnic effects could … players had a new play, called All Is True, representing some principal pieces of the reign of Henry VIII, which was set forth with many extraordinary circumstances of pomp and majesty … Now, King …

… behind-the-scenes may have been as important to the outcome of events as the men’s on the battlefield. In Blood … other woman in our story. . . . to modern eyes, there is something worrying in Anne’s notable absence from the … and one wonders to what extent Gristwood was forced to extrapolate in order to fill out their chapters. Blood …

… of violence and instability until 1922. Multiple communities of former tsarist imperial subjects imagined the … knew, however, what might be too Ukrainian, and therefore somehow threatening, or even what precisely “Ukrainian” … for steel. Funding for industry in the Soviet period was extracted from the countryside, and Ukraine was its …

… by failing to address the problems in Russian society that compelled the radicals to violence, Russian leaders … support for the ongoing occupation of Palestine, but in some ways was counterproductive.  It resulted in strong … condemned him for his willingness to work with Italy’s communist Party, an act that they believed would undermine …

… in the city that a lynching was imminent. The proud black community, which was reading "radical" literature such as … were required to work cleaning up the burned area for no compensation other than meals and housing. By noon, more … case, after the deputies arrested Greenwood residents, some set fire to Greenwood's houses. The well-orchestrated …

… granted greater decision-making authority to local communities, and the Paraguayan government opened budget … public support for foreign assistance is not without some justification. Until recently the U.S. foreign aid … under the law. Second, USAID is working to enhance the competitiveness of local political systems, encouraging the …