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President Richard Nixon

Republican Character

Review of Republican Character: From Nixon to Reagan, by Donald T. Critchlow (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018)
… Character differs from most political works by focusing on "virtue" instead of policy. Written with a broad … to argue that "principled pragmatism, the ability to compromise while maintaining core principles, is essential … defined them. Chapter One examines Richard Nixon and the complex story of a man remembered for the naked, amoral …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United … inequality, school funding, and the influence of big business. And debates are all to the good—when there isn’t any more debate, we’ll know we’re in serious trouble. Common Core is no exception and now faces detractors from …
Cover of "Our Hemisphere"? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall.

Episodes of Ambivalent Empire

Review of “Our Hemisphere”? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021)
… century, officials sometimes demonstrated a broad commitment to republican and democratic principles. For … and Secretaries of State but also newspapermen and common citizens effused sympathy for the revolutionaries’ … early twentieth-century interventions in the Caribbean Basin follows a traditional state-centered approach. They …
U.S. Army Officers wearing their “Pinks-and-Greens,” 1943. (Library of Congress)

Throwback Army: World War II-Style Uniforms for Today’s Soldiers

… in meeting recruiting goals. Old and New Uniforms in Comparison: Modern-day reenactors (left and center) wearing … by their easily recognizable Crackerjacks and Dress Blues since the early 1900s, the Army has repeatedly changed its … a plain olive drab uniform, officers had a choice of color combination. Since most opted for “pink” (officially Olive …
tanks and soldier fighting in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

The World’s Longest War

… recognizes by now that the Arab-Israeli conflict is a singularly intractable one. The current struggle between … 58-year-long war between Israel and its Arab neighbors that commenced in 1948 when the state of Israel was proclaimed. … R. Carlin is a professor of sociology and philosophy at the Community College of Rhode Island and author of "Can a …
The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson Book Cover.

Capturing a Moment

Review of The Eve of Destruction: How 1965 Transformed America, by James T. Patterson (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… my professor is onto something. Patterson shares with other commentators the feeling that 1965 was a “pivot” or a … Despite the collective soul-crushing wrought by JFK’s assassination in 1963, his “eloquent calls for a New Frontier had … the fact no one knew how much it would cost; and struck a compromise on the issue of federal funding to parochial …
The Mars explorer Curiosity's view back at its own tracks after crossing a sand dune in 2014.

Mariner 9: Opening The Martian Frontier

… in 2003. Mars, the red planet so close to Earth, has become a tantalizing target for humans to visit. Noted space … Elon Musk recently released plans to colonize Mars in the coming decades, using a network of space hardware to get there. But as the …
Jackie Robinson

Top Ten Origins: The World Series

… series of “America’s pastime” has been played annually since 1903 (with two exceptions in 1904 and 1994). Debates … that are landmark moments in baseball’s evolution as a commercial enterprise and its adaptation to the significant … the “world’s” best baseball team (it was not the first competition labelled a “World Series,” but it was the most …
The National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.

With God on Our Side

… was to “rid the world of evil.” The service ended with the singing of the Civil War anthem, “Battle Hymn of the … he proclaimed that “our nation is chosen by God and commissioned by history to be a model to the world.” This … notwithstanding the fact that Spanish missionaries had accomplished this two centuries before. But not all American …
An array of non-lethal guns laid out on a table.

Taking a Big Bite Out of the Second Amendment

… example of politically motivated historical revisionism completes the task begun by John Ashcroft in 2001 in his … of a Statute” as providing the “Key to the Knowledge of it” since it establishes “the Intent of the Makers of the Act.” … and bearing arms were legally synonymous: hunting bears becomes the same as bearing arms. The illogic of the claim is …
President George W. Bush

Propaganda: Necessary but Difficult

… message about American aims and actions has faltered since the end of the Cold War. While the easiest course of … World War I, President Woodrow Wilson established the Committee on Public Information, led by journalist George Creel, to craft and communicate America’s message. But the nation’s first …
An image comparing Communism to Naziism

Historical Analogies and the China Debate

… a very different matter. Unfortunately, bad analogies have come to dominate discussions of China in the American press. A disturbing number of commentators have been implying or stating outright that … at a crucial point in the history of China and of Sino-American relations, is a troubling and dangerous …
Headline in The Philadelphia Inquirer of November 16, 1919, reporting the first use of cloture by the United States Senate.

The Founders Cared about the Majority Principle

… would eliminate filibusters to prevent legislation from coming to the floor for debate, while retaining filibusters … the Senate as Jefferson's vice president from 1801-1805 recommended dropping in an effort to simplify Senate rules. … him, even though there had been only one a year between since 1900.  And there the practice rested — a rarely used …

Population Bomb? The Debate over Indian Population

… the spike in food prices to American policies that favored using grains for ethanol fuel and subsidized U.S. farmers. … the early nineteenth century, when the British East India Company controlled an increasing swath of territory across the subcontinent, Company officials pronounced that large and expanding …
The Prairie Dog is an anti-Jefferson satire, relating to Jefferson's covert negotiations for the purchase of West Florida from Spain in 1804.

Not American Enough? This Political Slur Has a Long History

… with President Obama's birth certificate, still not completely laid to rest, is an extreme version of a tactic that has marked American politics since the days of the Founding Fathers:  questioning whether … Democratic candidate John Kerry in 2004. President Bush's Commerce Secretary Don Evans publicly remarked that Kerry …
A glass negative of Warren G. Harding.

Sex Scandals and U.S. History

… George Santayana made one of the world’s best known comments about history when he said that those who learn … sex scandals have figured in presidential politics since the early Republic, striking at the most and least … a political age which has reveled in Victorian moralism by singing in 2000, “once more the majority party, ha! ha! ha!” …
Immigrant rights march for amnesty in downtown Los Angeles, California on May Day, 2006.

Make Residency, Not Just Working, Legal

… about immigrants for the past thirty years. Of course they come from a long line of immigrant restrictionists. FAIR … letter to the editor, but the restrictionists focus more commonly on the costs to the environment, social services … until the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1964. Since then, new immigrants have come from Asia, Latin …
Zaporizhians by Józef Brandt, unknown date.

The Cossacks, Ukraine’s Paradigmatic Warriors

Since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February … has proven itself mighty and tenacious to an international community that may have previously thought them quiet and … and fight to maintain sovereignty. The term Cossack comes from a Turkish word meaning “free man.” Their origins …
Cover of The Rise and Fall of Modern American Conservatism: A Short History by David Farber.

The Far Right Stuff

Review of The Rise and Fall of Modern Conservatism, by David Farber (Princeton University Press, 2010)
… a table with friends and fight over.  I mean that as a high compliment, since there are far too many books out there, narrowly … of the practice. Four other aspects of conservatism become clear when Farber juxtaposes these six figures.  First, …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… Reports that Pentagon officials are actively discussing plans for using nuclear weapons to prevent Iran from … Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the threat from … sanctions against Iran for the first time and urged Iran to comply with a United Nations request to halt its nuclear …
Three 10th Mountain Division Ski troopers above Camp Hale in the Pando Valley, Colorado in February, 1944.

Skis, Samba, and Smoking Snakes: An Unlikely World War II Partnership

What happened when glacier-goggled American ski troops and samba-loving Brazilian soldiers fought side-by-side halfway across the world?
… Division spent the better part of  three years immersing its recruits in the art of mountain warfare before its … in a stalemate with Axis troops north of Rome. With a commanding view of the narrow approach to the Po River … the men of the 10th Mountain Division proved themselves in combat. With an audacious single-file night climb up the …
Storming the Bastille

Storming the Bastille (July 14, 1789)

… on 11 July. But what really stirred them was the fact that, since the beginning of June 1789, Louis XVI had concentrated … by historians, depicted by artists and celebrated by common people. In 1880, the French chose to make the … to Independence Square in Kyiv (not to mention the recent commemorations of the 1989 Tiananmen Square Movement ). The …
An integrated classroom in Anacostia High School, Washington, D.C., in 1957.

The Unfinished Business of School Desegregation

… The 50th anniversary of Brown v. Board of Education has come and gone. But in celebrating its achievements we have … this nation’s flawed story of desegregation: the resistance since 1954 to integration by Northern public schools despite … old problem and that parents do not stop fighting when it comes to their children’s education. Children’s real needs …