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Film poster for Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995).

Top Ten Origins: Bollywood Films

… “Bollywood” is the name that the Anglophone press in India gave to Hindi-language cinema in the … were Bollywood films. In recent decades, Bollywood has become popular across the world with sizeable audiences in … a result of poverty, forcing her to care for her two sons alone. sole source of her family’s livelihood is a piece of …
Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) Book Cover

Ho Chi Minh: A Biography

Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
… views throughout the global South, Ho Chi Minh remains one of the most important figures of the twentieth century. … at the fringes of European and Asian societies, Ho's complex experiences have been canonized at home and abroad, … his virtues, illusions, weaknesses, and faults like everyone else; as he once said to his friends, 'I am a normal …
Space Shuttle Columbia launching

Can We Boldly Go There Any More?

… atmosphere. The second fact will be relearned in the coming weeks as we emerge from our shock at this tragedy and … but how few. Though there have been several close calls, no one has actually died in space. Far more people died during … developing airplanes than have died in shuttle accidents. One reason for the lesser mortality among astronauts is that …

A Fresh Start for Pakistan?

… first time in Pakistan’s turbulent political history that one democratically elected government served out its full … shortages, regional disputes, a sluggish economy, U.S. drone strikes , and sour relations between the civilian … in 1947, Pakistan’s political elites have faced regional, communal, and religious obstacles to building a stable, …
The Works Progress Administration employed some Spanish-Americans from New Mexico, as seen here, to work in road gangs.

When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

Review of When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America , by Ira Katznelson (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2005), preface, appendix, index, 238 pp.
… the social revolutions of the 1960s and early 1970s. One can speculate that Ira Katznelson has been listening to … economic relief during the New Deal. Although many federal officials understood that black sharecroppers were the … When Affirmative Action Was White concludes with the recommendation that contemporary American policymakers deal …
Cover of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty by Kirsten McKenzie.

What's in a Name?

Review of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty , by Kirsten McKenzie (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2010)
One of the growing challenges facing our digitally-driven … suffering a "bad case of footnote paranoia" (291).  While completing a last minute source review before sending her previous book 1 to the press, she discovered that one case she had used to illustrate that book's …
 Pinterest Hien Luong Bridge - Ben Hai River, Quang Tri, Vietnam

Vietnam Revisited: Forty Years after the Paris Peace Accord

… years ago on January 27, 1973, the U.S. War in Viet Nam officially concluded with the signing of the Paris Peace … It was then the longest war in U.S. history; although commonly dated as beginning in 1965 with American bombing … villages and its surrounding countryside as “free fire zones.” Any person living or working in these areas was …
Chartwell, the country estate of Winston Churchill

By Invitation Only

Review of The Long Weekend: Life in the English Country House, 1918-1939, by Adrian Tinniswood New York: Basic Books, 2016
… often from Saturday to Monday (3). Rather than the site of an ancestral seat, or a place from which the landed … profits, such estates became a luxury, desired by everyone, but only achieved by those with money. This world was … instance, crossed the Atlantic and settled in England, becoming members of the English aristocracy and elite British …
The other side of The Shore, depicting the Maritime House, third from the left. The former headquarters of the National Seamen’s Union are now flats.

A Postcard from Leith, Scotland

… your right, you will encounter the upscale whiskey house, complete with nineteenth-century stone walls that feature the beautifully carved Porter’s … building named for the strange curved nature of its façade (officially known as Cables Wynd House). Forty years ago, …
"The Magnet Citizenship" March 1917 cartoon by Henry Mayer - Moving Picture Weekly (1915-1920)

U.S. Citizenship Is Based on Principles, Not Heritage

… was founded on loyalty to the state as determined by one's birthplace (jus soli), and descent (jus sanguinis). … encourage immigration.  Citizenship would be determined by one's freely chosen support for republican principles.  The … would contribute to the "wealth and strength of the community."    Similarly, John Laurance of New York declared …
President George W. Bush sitting at his desk in 2001.

Social Security: False Crisis, Destructive Solutions

… the amount of the worker’s contributions. Thus, the higher one’s earnings, the higher one’s pension. Amendments enacted between 1939 and 1972 … Association of Realtors, the largest political action committee, as measured by direct contributions to federal …
A 1963 photo of the Church of Nativity in Bethlehem.

In Bethlehem, Persisting Hope

… will have changed dramatically from where they were just one year ago. Last Christmas, following an accord negotiated … by U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Israel completed its withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, which abuts … flourished. In 2003 more than 300,000 Israeli tourists visited the Turkish resort of Antalya. In 2006 it remains a …
2011 protest in New Jersey by Garden State Equality in support of same-sex marriage and against deportation of LGBT spouses.

Voting Away Others’ Rights

… civil rights of gays and lesbians. This is precisely why opponents of gay marriage place the issue on a referendum, in … New England founded its colonial enterprise with some official divisions between state and church — not allowing … religiously intolerant regimes in the world today.   The outcome of the recent referendum in California shows us that …
Mourning banners hung at the south gate of Beijing university in the aftermath of the 1989 June 4th incident in Beijing

Survivor: the Chinese Communist Party

… through the streets of China's cities, demanding an end to official corruption and more political freedom. Inspired by … foreign observers predicted that the days of the Chinese Communist Party were numbered. And yet, as we mark the 18th … of 21st-century geopolitics has also bolstered the party. One argument the party uses to convince the Chinese people …
Portrait of Jimmy Carter from 1979.

The Nobel Committee Speaks to America

… Carter. By giving him this honor at this time, the Nobel Committee seized the opportunity to express its concern over … undisputed courage in promoting peace and human rights. A one-term president who was defeated by Ronald Reagan in … emergence of the United States as a world-class power. The one restored peace to the Far East in the first decade of …
John Quincy Adams.

WikiLeaks Reveals a Professionalism of Recent Vintage in the History of American Diplomacy

… president to change this system into the more professional one we have today.   In the early United States, even the … he spent the majority of his time working as a de facto commercial agent for the wealthy New England merchant … the Baltic. In 1809 Adams arrived in St. Petersburg aboard one of William Gray's trading ships, with Gray's son in tow. …
2013 St. Patrick's Day parade in Wappingers Falls, New York.

The Wearing of the Rainbow

… pluralist implications of the St. Patrick's Day parade, one has only to look at the event calendars in cities and … Day, indicates a fragmentation of American society. Yet one only need look at the catastrophic results of ethnic, … this ideal, but it's important to recognize how far we've come. It's in this sense that the St. Patrick's Day parade …
A U.S. FBI agent sorts through rubble. (Photo by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation)

The 1998 East African Embassy Bombings

… point it had not attacked America or its citizens directly. Officials in both the FBI and the CIA were tracking the … but at the time it seemed like a relatively minor threat in comparison with established groups like Hamas and Hizballah. … several buildings in the camp and killed six men, none of them al Qaeda leaders. Many of the missiles exploded …
Isaac W. Williams (front) in a file photo from the 1960s.

Still Fighting the Civil War in South Carolina

… "has nothing to do with slavery."  He proposes that it is a commemoration of South Carolinians who "stood up for their … waltzes get headlines, but Monday night will be just one more showdown in another civil war, one that has raged in Charleston since 1865.   When the city …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… The degeneration of the Iraq conflict into a low level but nonetheless murderous civil war between Sunnis and Shi'is has … in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that … differences, have Sunnis and Shi'is been murdering one another in Iraq because of disputes over how many angels …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… North to share collections. Ironically, it was the shortcomings of a UNESCO convention that brought M’Bow to this … of African cultural heritage. He subsequently commissioned Senegalese academic Felwine Sarr and French art … they continue to animate discussions today. Although official demands for repatriation of objects were few in the …