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A photograph from the tumultuous German-Czech border in 1938 during World War II. The Sudetenland had long been a hotspot of contact between the two groups.

The Space In Between

Review of Cleansing the Czechoslovak Borderlands: Migration, Environment, and Health in the Former Sudetenland, by Eagle Glassheim (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016)
… the Second World War. Glassheim notes that with the end of combat in Europe in 1945, the borderlands of Czechoslovakia were “certainly not the lively ‘contact zones,’ ‘crossroads,’ and ‘fluid transitional spaces’ … “always a foreign ulcer in our body.” That "ulcer" was remedied in Most by way of a forced “cleansing” or “liquidation” …
Ellis Island, New York City.

Hiding Behind Reform

… of which are apparent in the ProjectUSA campaign: First, opponents make a mythological distinction between present-day immigration and the flood of newcomers who came in the past. ProjectUSA’s website is emphatic on this point. Making this distinction …

Learning to Love the Nuclear Pariah: From China to North Korea

… An estimate compiled by the nation’s intelligence services reaches the … leader Kim Jong-un with their hairstyles reversed ( left ). One of the many Tweets from Trump in which he refers to Kim … Taiwan in 1958 ( left ). A 1958 poster showing Chinese soldiers invading Taiwan ( right ). The Taiwan Strait crises …
Logo for "Canada 150".

Canada 150: Coming Home

One hundred and fifty years ago, this July 1, three British … leaders from Métis artist Christi Belcourt to Anishinaabe comedian Ryan McMahon have pointed out that the past 150 … the European Union’s Regional Policy that dedicates a full one third of EU wealth to the structural economic …
Cover of A Strange Stirring The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s by Stephanie Coontz.

A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s

Review of A Strange Stirring: The Feminine Mystique and American Women at the Dawn of the 1960s, by Stephanie Coontz (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
… tranquil lives of the "greatest generation" in two. On the one hand, American men were upset at Friedan's suggestion … group of white, educated, middle-class women were overcome with a sense of gratitude. Friedan had explained their … domain. This process culminated in the return of WWII soldiers and the banishment of many married, white women from …
Pullman Strike illustration

Top Ten Origins: American Workers and Strikes

… Socialist Congress meeting in Paris in July 1899. The comrades set the date in solidarity with organized workers … collapse of ’93, agricultural overproduction in an era of monetary inflexibility put constant downward pressure on … thousands of other laborers took part. More than 100 people died in the various clashes between workers and the forces …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… 4, 1970. The May 4 incident at Kent State University was one of those rare events that seem to crystallize an entire … antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … back at the Guard. Some chucked rocks; others jeered the soldiers. Many students described the atmosphere as almost …
Robert Smalls pictured between 1870-1880.

The Remarkable Life of Robert Smalls

… make him important to the Union war effort and, afterwards, one of the most influential Black political leaders of the … the state of Confederate fortifications there. Union Naval commanders acted quickly and successfully on this … the Planter , making him one of the highest paid Black soldiers of the war. His reputation was further burnished …
Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company book cover.

Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England

Review of Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company (New York, 2006)
… overview of the character of Henry V and his conduct of one of the most famous campaigns of the Hundred Years War. … successful, effort to draw the reader in to the late medieval mindset prevalent among the nobility at the time, … unalloyed sense of justification: She announces that the outcome of the battle of Agincourt showed "God had chosen to …
A posthumous portrait of Ferdinand Magellan, painted c. 16th or 17th century

Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Earth

… goal was to reach the Spice Islands of Maluku (in the Indonesian archipelago) and open a new trading route for Spain. … 1494, after Christopher Columbus returned from the West Indies, the Spanish and Portuguese governments signed a deal … in, some of them to work off debts. Magellan’s second-in-command was the Spanish overseer and accountant, Juan de …
Cover of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe by David Marquand

The End of the World as We Know It?

Review of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe, by David Marquand (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011)
… The End of the World as We Know It? It has been almost one hundred years since the German philosopher and historian … undermined European integration. Marquand reminds his audience of the important successes that Europe has witnessed … - the deliberate construction of a supranational European Community, based on law rather than force, in which ancient …
A wheat field in Ukraine resembles the colors on the country's flag.

Ukraine: The Breadbasket of Europe

… concern about the war’s impact on global agricultural commodity markets: the disruption to Ukrainian agricultural … and to the food security of developing countries.   While one would expect an organization such as the FAO to be … consumption of meat and dairy products.   Through subsidies, as well as price and trade controls, meat production …
Sobaek Mountain

A Postcard from Yeongju, South Korea

… home of the Seonbi, Confucian scholars who lived and studied during Korea’s Joseon period (1392-1897). At sites such … of Seonbi culture. The landscape seen from Muryangsujeon. One of the famous tourist attractions in Sobaeksan National … lantern, a wood plaque reads “Muryangsujeon (無量壽殿)” and welcomes all comers (right). The founder of the Buseoksa …
Cover of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II by Karel C. Berkhoff

Long Live the Soviet Motherland?

Review of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II, by Karel C. Berkhoff (Harvard University Press, 2012)
… The principal and her museum director proudly showed us the one room exhibition in which the history of the region was … forces highlighting Jewish suffering would have meant combatting anti-Semitism among their own population. … to "a single camp," and the enforced model of utter obedience meant that all efforts had to be directed against the …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … that the present war is between two ways of life, only one of which is free, with no neutrality allowed. If Bush’s … not permanent safety. As dreams of destroying communism died, Truman’s approval ratings steadily declined. When the …
A rendering of the Battle of Fort Pillow, also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, which was fought on April 12, 1864 in Tennessee.  It ended with a massacre by Confederate soldiers of at least one hundred surrendered black troops serving the Union, exemplifying one of the Civil War's transgressions of the norms of warfare.

The American Civil War, Then and Now

Review of The War that Forged a Nation: Why the Civil War Still Matters, by James McPherson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
Coming to terms with the American Civil War is no easy task. The scale of its destruction alone is still shocking. New historical estimates put the death toll at 750,000 soldiers, or 2.4% of the American population in 1860, which …
Jackie Robinson

Living Up to Jackie Robinson

… Ebbets Field. He also embarked on a painful odyssey that pioneered the modern civil rights movement, and he gave major … jeopardize the process of integration. He was, by nature, a combative individual, so he had to struggle to restrain … will never accept as "legitimate." Why do today's so-called superstars act like overgrown teenagers? Probably because …
The Temple of Kukulkan at Chichén Itzá.

A Postcard From Chichén Itzá

… of Kukulkan at Chichén Itzá. Walking through Chichén Itzá, one of the central and sacred sites of the empire, visitors … triangular segments of Kukulkan’s body, leading to the stone snake’s head where the temple meets the earth. From the … the year. Each side has a central staircase with 90 steps, one for each day of the season. This leaves five days …
Cover of Catholic Pirates and Greek Merchants: A Maritime History of the Early Modern Mediterranean by Molly Greene.

Pirates, Pirates Everywhere but Not Enough of Them in This Book

Review of Catholic Pirates and Greek Merchants, by Molly Greene (Princeton University Press 2010)
… Pirates seem to have suddenly become popular in early modern history. Recently,  titles such … by others, which cast them as criminals, sometimes romantic ones, but outside the established legal system. That being … European politics. During the sixteenth century, the medieval crusading ideal was still alive and well as policy …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the … that the U.S. will have on the country and its people. One of those legacies will surely be architectural. Though … society.” Kopp saw the Bolshevik Revolution as an event embodied in modernist architecture, but also facilitated and …
St. Catherine of Siena depicted on a wood panel.

Speaking Truth to Catholic Power

… scandal. Frustrated by a few unrepentant prelates, Keating compared their conspiratorial behavior to that of the Mafia. … bishops, Keating’s sharp tongue cut especially deep. In one instance, he publicly admonished Cardinal Roger Mahoney … more amazing, though, is that he listened. After Gregory died in Rome, Catherine hoped his successor, Pope Urban VI, …
Zog I of Albania in front of the Albania Republic flag.

Albania’s First Republic

… Yugoslavia and the White Russian military, and only functioned for three years before Zog dissolved the government and … the multireligious provisional government was challenged by competing leadership, most notably the Republic of Central … Defense Committee, a motley crew of armed villagers, soldiers, and national activists, waged guerilla warfare …