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Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… had begun rolling back during his first three years in office. More recently, his administration announced a plan … of the federal government in water pollution control. A 1930 race on the Ohio River between two steamboats - Betsy Ann … more and more reliant on toxic substances, the shortcomings of this approach became increasingly apparent. The …
Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… spirit and with a large gesture invite an enemy to become an angel without further preparation or a flying … of Prague (1419, 1618, and 1948). May 23, 2018 will mark 400 years since such an act of conflict mediation … and promptly tossed them from a third story window just off the main hall of the castle. The Prague Castle, where …
American soldier conducting patrol with an Iraqi soldier.

What the Vietnam War Tells Us About Iraq

… Bush obviously hears them, and he is determined that Iraq will not scar him as Vietnam did Presidents Johnson and … era fueled the revolt that drove President Johnson from office. In short, just as the United States is about to … attempted the same kind of program in Vietnam. It failed completely. The second measure calls for an Iraqi government …
Dick Cheney in 2003.

The Vice President: Heir Apparent in American Politics

… thus passed into the language to refer to someone with no competence or apparent purpose. It turns out, however, that … formation of parties and the separation of votes for the office of president and vice president in the Electoral … in 2008 if he wins the election, assuming Cheney maintains good health. Thus, he has handed the future of the …
A scene from the revolution

The People Power Revolution, Philippines 1986

… since well before Marcos’s declaration of martial law. Committed activists who organized underground in the … de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). Cardinal Jaime Sin, the Archbishop of Manila, called upon Filipinos to support the … to repress the mass action. However, a faction of military officers refused to clamp down on the protestors and chose …
A crowd of protesters at night in Sudan

Sudan: Popular Protests, Today and Yesterday

… Omar al-Bashir, who had ruled the country since taking office in a 1989 military coup. Originally a response to the spiraling cost of living, demonstrators soon widened their criticisms to encompass the full impact of Bashir’s three decades in power: … transcript has been edited for clarity.] Lauren Henry    Welcome to History Talk , the podcast that brings together …
The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland) is the second biggest UN centre, after the United Nations Headquarters (New York City).

The U.N. may be dysfunctional, but it’s the kind of dysfunction that its founders intended

… would serve merely as an explicit reminder of the U.N.'s incompetence.   An examination of the situation with an eye to … to "enable representatives of the smaller powers to blow off steam."    Only the most powerful states were expected … for the sake of partisan gain at home, those institutions will lack the legitimacy and influence to make a difference …
Cover of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm by Harold James.

Blood and Steel

Review of Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm, by Harold James (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… crimes." 1 Partially as a result, the name Krupp has become synonymous with war profiteering, armaments and the … book, Krupp: A History of the Legendary German Firm , offers a new look at the famous German steel producer. … to 200,000 industrial workers. 6 While the firm did make a good deal of money during the war, James argues that the …
portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… is a testament to women in power, the lengths to which men will go to take it away from them, and to the complicated politics of one’s immortal soul. Director Josie Rourke reminds the viewer time and again just how effective period pieces can be in telling a …
Ajax, The Dutch, The War: the Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour, by Simon Kuper Book cover.

Is It Only A Game?

Review of Ajax, The Dutch, The War: the Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour, by Simon Kuper (New York: Nation Books, 2012)
illustration of people around a fire ring

The Causes and Costs of Barrenness

Review of Infertility in Early Modern England, by Daphna Oren-Magidor (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017)
… and legacy. Women, on the other hand, struggled to comes to terms with their infertility in large part because … lust and gluttony. In one illuminating example Oren-Magidor offers, Nicholas Fontanus, the author of a 17th century … divine gift to England…and would work through God’s will,” rather than as a result of saintly intervention or …
a can of Spaghetti-Os

Spaghetti in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

… every piece was in place for this circular pasta to become a staple of the American diet. By 2010, over 150 … to inspect every cut of meat to make sure of its quality. Shopping for food involved knowing where it came from, the … labels on cans rather than inspect the qualities of the goods they bought. Home Economics, then a burgeoning …
A plume of smoke rising from a neighborhood in Beirut following an Israeli strike in 2006.

Why Israel’s Campaign Will Likely Fail

… It strongly supports Israeli military action in Lebanon against Hezbollah. Yet Israel’s military campaign is unlikely to succeed. In fact, it will probably backfire. Once before, Israel — under the … out of control. In 1982, Israel invaded southern Lebanon in order to raze Palestinian Liberation Organization bases used …
1866 cartoon by Daumier, L’Equilibre Européen, representing the balance of power as soldiers of different nations teeter the earth on bayonets.

Democracy by Force, or by Example?

… Spreading democracy has become the nation’s principal foreign policy goal. Yet there … to fight. But many wanted the United States to do something official. Congressman Daniel Webster, ever attuned to public … ground. Governments there reaffirmed the importance of order through the vigorous assertion of authority. All these …
Power lines.

Blackouts: Symptoms of Our Dependence

… year of anticipating “Y2K” has served to remind us that the computers we call “personal” actually answer to specialized … software engineers and corporate executives. Blackouts offer a similarly troubling lesson: the technological … — the largest in the history of the World — returned 30 million Americans to the pre-electric age. How did they …
Cartoon by Ali Delim in honor of 20th anniversary of Said Mekbel’s killing. The cartoon reads: “Said Mekbel in Heaven for journalists. Here it is not the quills that are missing.” (Cartoon used with permission)

1/30/2015: The Dangers of Being a Humorist: Charlie Hebdo Is Not Alone

… have been levelling their ire with deadly consequences at comedians whose work they have deemed to be blasphemous or … Dorbane died when a bomb that militants had placed near the offices of his newspaper exploded on February 11, 1996 Even … reportedly stated “Those who combat us with the pen will die by the sword.” Yet, if the rebels were concerned …
Indian bicycle troops are pictured at the Somme in 1916

The Amritsar Massacre

… civilians in Punjab were shot by British soldiers under the command of the now infamous “Butcher of Amritsar.” British … of Baisakhi and many had come to relax in the square after offering prayers at the Golden Temple. Colonel Reginald … As he put it, “I thought I would be doing a jolly lot of good and [Indians] would realize that they were not to be …
voting button by Steve Rainwater, Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0

Race and Voting, Past and Present

… year, the same voter goes to the polls and is rejected again. This time, the election workers offer a new rationale. "Your name doesn't appear on our … phone line or to check registration lists on a laptop computer. But very few majority-black districts received the …
Cover of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II by Karel C. Berkhoff

Long Live the Soviet Motherland?

Review of Motherland in Danger: Soviet Propaganda during World War II, by Karel C. Berkhoff (Harvard University Press, 2012)
… of the Stalinist regime. In his new book Karel Berkhoff uses published and archival sources to document the … forces highlighting Jewish suffering would have meant combatting anti-Semitism among their own population. … folk music, children's songs, and popular tunes of the 1930s and 1940s. The very concept of nostalgia about a …
The Reception of Lord Byron at Missolonghi painting by Theodoros Vryzakis.

An Historic Question: Over There or Over Here?

… As President Bush poises our armed forces to take action against Iraq should that nation fail to comply with UN arms inspectors, one arresting question … there-ism” and “over here-ism.” The Greek effort to throw off the yoke of the Ottoman Empire at first seemed doomed to …
French soldiers overrun Chinese troops during the 1860 campaign in the Second Opium War.

The Second Opium War

… March 3, 1857 marked the unofficial beginning of the so-called Second Opium War … to access that nation’s porcelains, silks, and luxury goods but unable to sell in return the goods generated by … of Qing laws prohibiting the drug. After one Chinese trade commissioner captured and publicly destroyed British opium …
Pieter Bruegel the Elder's 1562 painting "The Triumph of Death" depicts the turmoil Europe experienced as a result of the plague.

The Black Death and its Aftermath

… colonies in Central Asia and, somewhere in the early 1300s, mutated into a form much more virulent to humans. … came into Mediterranean ports by ship. But, it is also becoming clear that small pools of plague had been established … to new opportunities in emptied lands. We have reasonably good wage data for England, and wage rates rose dramatically …

The Unkept Promise of Nuclear Power

… attends Operation Plumbbob as Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, 1968 (left). The nuclear reactors at the Hanford … There were 420 operating reactors in 1989. Over the next 30 years, the number grew by less than one per year to 443 … electricity than any other source. Wind turbines on the Bishop Hill wind farm in Illinois, 2017. In the last decade, …