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… of church and state served more than political ends. One of the main reasons Americans after the Revolution … and state corrupted both institutions. The state risked becoming subject to religious controversies that would … the decisions of the majority. The result, according to one minister in 1828, was to enslave the church to a "civil …

… by the idea that the present seems pretty terrible in comparison with the past, even if that past is mythic or not … of nonpartisan harmony was already an exceedingly distant one when he stepped down from the presidency,” and by his last year (1799), “not a happy one,” Rasumussen writes, “it had been exposed as a mirage." …

… Oslo, Norway. Host Patrick Potyondy interviews her about one of the most contentious topics today— abortion —as well … associate editor Patrick Potyondy. Patrick Potyondy   Welcome to Writers Talk History, a partnership between the … in the United States. Patrick Potyondy   Great. You mentioned the difference between Europe and the United States and …

… Scottish missionaries, who paved the way for the launch of official colonization in Malawi in 1890s. The missionaries … inspired by the speeches and writings of Dr. David Livingstone, the most famous missionary to have traveled across the … to drive. During the rainy season, the road's stones become very slippery, making transportation difficult. The …

… a famous politician dies, obituary writers and other commentators immediately start comparing the departed figure … world, the country needed the kind of stability that only one-party rule could ensure. His Leninism and nationalism … (always a kind of Leninist, though not a Marxist, and someone who could be as harsh as Deng when faced with political …

… year, Russia’s legacy as an imperial power has suddenly become the stuff of current affairs. As Russian leaders assert … Willard Sunderland’s book, The Baron’s Cloak . Centered on one man, the Russian-German noble, Baron Roman Fedorovich … epoch to life and provides a highly readable primer for anyone seeking to understand the Russian Empire and the …

… Marina Silva (who recently endorsed Neves) 21.32%. As one of the largest and economically most important countries in the world, the outcome of these elections is significant not just for … under Lula from 2003-8. After the first round she officially pledged her support to Aécio Neves and the PSDB, …

… Mugabe has dominated Zimbabwean politics since 1980, having come to power on a wave of popular support developed during … disenfranchised and impoverished. For this, the country's officials blame international actors. President Obama is not … women. As the women explain, however, little "has been done …to ensure there is a secure environment for people to …

… balanced budget amendment been before Congress for sixty-one years without gaining approval?  Never in all that time … to popular enthusiasm for a simplistic solution to fiscal complexities, a responsible minority treated the … A clear understanding of the past does not absolve these officials from the obligation to make their own decisions, …

… a man running for his life, I immediately knew the answer. "COME IN!" someone was yelling. I need not have been told; the gunshots must have gone off 60 feet away from me. Without thinking, I had …

… Herbert Hoover on Inauguration Day in 1933. Not everyone thought Roosevelt was up to the task. Political commentator Walter Lippmann called him “a kind of amiable … Cuyahoga Valley National Park. In this time of crisis, no one understood the new theories of economist John Maynard …

… are Hindus (more than 1 billion people), with Muslims comprising the next most populous group at 15%. First-time … that insists India is a Hindu nation (rather than a secular one, as the Indian Constitution defines it). While the party … them to suggest that Nehru and the Congress lacked the requisite strength to run a nation, while the war against …

… speculative thinking with his new biography on Trotsky. Coming after his previous biographies on Lenin and Stalin, … the "first full-length biography of Trotsky written by someone outside Russia who is not a Trotskyist" (xxi). 1 What … only partially satisfying. The book's best section is Part One, which covers the years 1879-1913 in rich detail. …

… in fact, disagreements between the Court and our elected officials are a natural and important part of our … process. What’s unusual is that conservatives are complaining about the Court at the same time they’re … to serve long after the presidents who appointed them are gone, the Court’s composition frequently lags behind the …

… for Lee. Lee then moved to San Francisco in 1959 after one too many street fights in Hong Kong led to trouble with … He also opposed the horse stance, in which the practitioner emulates being mounted on a horse, legs spread wide in … after Lee challenged anyone who doubted his word to come to his studio in Oakland. Russo makes his case by …

… devoid of animal or plant life. This initial isolation, combined with its location at the confluence of three … that make them best suited for their environment are the ones most likely to survive and produce offspring, a process … not be nearly so wonderful, if for instance, one island has a mocking-thrush and a second island some …

… wished that things could just be like they used to be. A common sentiment, it is actually responsible for distorting … England , Nigel Saul aspires to these aims as he discusses one of the most distorted topics in medieval history: the … is a loose chronological narrative of its aforementioned origins through its practice and eventual decline in …

… four years of Nazi occupation. Following a week of guerilla combat between Resistance fighters and the occupying German … happen in the summer of 1944. For U.S. and British military officials at the time, Paris was simply not a high priority. … would indicate the 2nd Armored division which, with only one fourth native personnel, is the only French division …

… paralyzed . . . In the streets, disorderly shooting. One detachment of the troops fires on the other. It is … To delay is impossible.” The tsar did not reply, instead complaining that “Again that fat-belly Rodzianko has written … into the First World War in 1914 . As those who have visited Russia know well, the First World War can seem …

… over the trajectory of the on-going American military commitment in Iraq and Afghanistan has combined with … about conflict termination are outnumbered a thousand to one by works on the manner in which wars are waged and won. … forces, communist forces rolled to victory. American officials on the spot, particularly Ambassador to Saigon …

… America Pageant. As early as the 1880s, business owners and community leaders began organizing beauty pageants in … Girls on View in Pageant: 150,000 See Picked Beauties in One-Piece Suits in Atlantic City’s Fall Event.” This “fall … . Of the 200 bathing beauties on display that September, one easily bested the others to be crowned the first Miss …

… of Lesbians and Gays Everywhere—organizations that had come out of gay-father activism of the 1980s—wrote a brief … draw invidious distinctions between families headed by opposite-sex parents and families headed by same-sex parents, … hid their sexuality in a postwar era of shame and secrecy—one in which the assumption that a true and good family had …

… convictions of our founders. “No standing armies” was one of the rallying cries of the American Revolution. This … of the military later found expression in the Posse Comitatus law of 1878, still in force. Archaic as the title … Each exemption from the Posse Comitatus Act — like the ones proposed now — potentially makes martial law easier to …

… and a staggering landmark in human population growth combined to give new urgency to the existential question of … supported them. We, by contrast, have arrived at the opposite situation: our individual lives are far more healthy … 250,000 years ago, as evidenced by significant shifts in stone tool technology and the "modernization" of fossil …