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The American Dream after COVID-19

… already been showing up in recent history. Millennials have come of age hearing they are the first generation in … as did the 1918 Spanish Flu and the even more deadly medieval Black Death . These diseases, including our current … Vulnerabilities Exposed This pandemic, Farhad Manjoo points out, has alerted Americans that “our society might be …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… experienced the most disturbance, as Trump has disregarded some core Republican principles, including free trade and … about water: it rarely stays put. Wastes discharged into bodies of water tend to wind up in other bodies of water … more and more reliant on toxic substances, the shortcomings of this approach became increasingly apparent. The …
The almshouse at Woburn, Bedfordshire, England

Top Ten Origins: Housing the Poor

… in Silicon Valley (where even people with six-figure incomes may qualify for housing subsidies) have attracted media attention, but they are only the … Gropius of the Bauhaus, and other celebrated architects of European modernism, the Zeilenbau consisted of long, …
Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne Book Cover

Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature

Review of Spirits of Defiance: National Prohibition and Jazz Age Literature, by Kathleen Drowne (Columbus: Ohio State University, 2005)
… to loosen his creativity and imagination. As we have come to know Fitzgerald the person, the chances are good … "dry" years. Before the eighteenth amendment took effect, European critics were already discussing what would happen … prohibition became the fulcrum of moral and civil disobedience by those who formerly considered themselves …
Photo of Tiananmen Square from 2007.

Bombings, Blood Debts, and Mutual Suspicion

… anger. In Hong Kong in June of that unforgettable year, on some days the number of marchers approached a million … a lengthy analysis in July 1989 explaining how the “anti-communist forces” of the capitalist world, led by the U.S. … prophetic. One after another, most of the world’s Communist governments collapsed, in an eerie reversal of the …
Engraving of Robespierre.

The New Species of Terrorism

… With the horrific assault of Sept. 11, “terrorism” has become the new American watchword and scourge. Yet as George … Over the next century the Jacobin spirit infected Russia, Europe and the United States. Radical anarchists — Leon … these groups realized that if you live by the car bomb, you die by the car bomb; terrorism could alienate the very …
Hurricane Elena photographed from Space Shuttle Discovery, September 1, 1985

Rough Weather Ahead

Review of Sea of Storms: A History of Hurricanes in the Greater Caribbean from Columbus to Katrina, by Stuart B. Schwartz (Princeton University Press, 2015)
… had to give away the stock of meat it couldn’t refrigerate. So my friends and I gorged ourselves on grilled steaks! We … . Young Hamilton survived this encounter and went on to become the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United … winds of the San Felipe hurricane in Puerto Rico. Schwartz points out its similar appearance to the Christian Cross (p. …
The Statue of Liberty during the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse.

Solar Eclipses in American History

… Navy. Later, he lived in France and traveled widely through Europe. But for all his wanderlust, his most vivid memory … their aspects, but never have I beheld any spectacle which so plainly manifested the majesty of the Creator, or so … total solar eclipse . Dating to 1223 BCE in Syria, it was accompanied by the appearance of  Mars in the sky and …
And Water for All - stylized image of hands with water behind them

... And Water for All

An educational documentary about water affordability
… all. Even though the movie is set in Ohio, many of its lessons will be relevant for those concerned with water … done it with these water and sewer systems that have become ubiquitous in our lifetimes.   Nicholas Breyfogle  The … tells us what parameters we have to test for, what sampling points at the plant we have to... if it's the raw influent, …
President George W. Bush with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley in 2006.

Is Iraq Vietnam?

… cases the United States has tried to turn a nation into something alien to its nature. Now as in Vietnam, the U.S. … South Vietnam’s governments also had serious problems. The Diem regime (1954-63) wanted to defeat or at least contain the Viet Cong but could not rally non-Communist South Vietnamese behind it, prompting the United …
The South Korean flag in Seoul, South Korea.

The Impeachment of Roh Moo-hyun and the Patterns of South Korean Politics

… of the impeachment of former President Roh Moo-hyun of South Korea (Republic of Korea, ROK), a historic first for … different parties have gained the 20 seats necessary to become a “negotiation group”—a parliamentary caucus that holds … issues of gender and minority rights have emerged as new points of contention, with conservatives generally hesitant …
Emperor Hirohito of Japan in 1971.

Playing Fast and Loose with Historical Analogies

… was the reinterpretation of the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Comparing President Kennedy’s action and President Bush’s … into Cuba. Rumsfeld conveniently overlooked two crucial points in drawing his analogy: Kennedy had conclusive … at its prospects in Iraq. Michael Richards teaches modern European and world history at Sweet Briar College in …

Good Guys and Bad Guys with Guns: Gun Control in Canada and the U.S.

… Vickers, the man responsible for security at the House of Commons, with taking down the gunman. Commentators not … former in May 1607 and the latter in July 1608), and the Europeans who lived there had and used firearms for similar … only intended to prevent the government from disarming soldiers. Yet the body was unable to pass any new laws to …
Henry Ford with a Model T in 1921.

What Bill Ford Is Learning from Great-Grandpa

… Now that Ford Motor Company has announced its “Way Forward” restructuring plan, … proclaim that “Innovation Is Our Mission,” he rightly points to the company’s long record of innovation in … pictures and words in ads was certainly a risk. When Henry died in 1947, his once heroic reputation had sunk so low — …

Aerial Torpedoes, Buzz Bombs, and Predators: The Long Cultural History of Drones

… of the mounting controversy, the president reminded his audience that, “from the Civil War to our struggle against … us from the ravages of modern warfare, or if they will become the appliances of Orwellian control. What is remarkable … of armed drones once again surfaced. Well before Europe’s fracturing into myriad battlefields in 1914, …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… wartime presidents, not only Truman but Lyndon B. Johnson. Leading a nation to war is trickier than it may seem. … nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … not permanent safety. As dreams of destroying communism died, Truman’s approval ratings steadily declined. When the …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that … but they have not bombed each other's pubs over the fine points of Christian theology. Northern Irish Christians have … individuals accepted the authority of scripture as embodied in the Quran and the hadith , and recognized the …
President Franklin D. Roosevelt and outgoing President Herbert Hoover on Inauguration Day in 1933.

COVID, the New Deal, and the Importance of Leadership

… the names and brief obituary information of people who had died. The New Deal of Franklin D. Roosevelt, elected in … everyone thought Roosevelt was up to the task. Political commentator Walter Lippmann called him “a kind of amiable … to act to help people and not simply to score political points, is essential. Roosevelt was a masterful politician …
Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

President’s Commission on Race a Failure

… President Clinton’s commission on race relations is dead on arrival. Most … it success. They had hoped that commission members’ resolve and wisdom would move attention away from white and … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …
An influenza hospital at Camp Funston

The 1918 Flu Pandemic

… in Kansas where few noticed the signs of the pandemic to come amid the ongoing war. On March 4, 1918 company cook … men were gathered for basic training. Within days, 522 soldiers reported sick and by the end of the month 1,100 … physicians described as a “three-day fever” circulating in Europe in late spring and early summer 1918. An influenza …
From left to right, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice, and Vice President Dick B. Cheney having a working lunch in 2007.

Foreign Policy Doesn’t Need a Mandate

… executive. History suggests that even a president primarily committed to enacting a domestic agenda can achieve … capital in launching the New Deal, Roosevelt, before he died in 1945, wrenched America from its isolationist … Balance: How France and the United States Created Cold War Europe" (2006), he is also a writer for the History News …
In 2014, the debate about the underlying causes of "long, hot summers" remerged with the high-profile police killings of Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and others.

Long Hot Summers and Separate Societies

Review of Separate and Unequal: The Kerner Commission and the Unraveling of American Liberalism, by Steven M. Gillon (New York: Basic Books, 2018)
… For two weeks in August 2014, the St. Louis suburb of Ferguson, MO exploded in protest after police killed Michael … Do the police reify inequality by targeting low-income communities of color or are they the “thin blue line” … Review of Separate and Unequal: The Kerner Commission and the Unraveling of American Liberalism , by …