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British Prime Minister Tony Blair, pictured in 2002

Apologizing for History

… It seems as if apologies are becoming a regular part of business and politics. Pope John … for the Irish famine of the 1840s. The Aetna Insurance Company apologizes for selling insurance against the escape … grand public acts of contrition. The great English writer Leslie Poles Hartley once observed that "the past is a …
Bartolome de las Casas

Bartolomé de las Casas and 500 Years of Racial Injustice

… exploitation and physical degradation of the indigenous peoples in the Spanish colonies of the Caribbean, gave up his … natives of the New World.   Las Casas ( above ) rose to become one of the most influential thinkers of his day. He … which allowed non-Catholics to convert instead of becoming slaves. Despite these legal caveats, Spanish …
Plague doctor mask

The Black Death and Its Aftermath

When it was over, the populations of Europe, China, and India were cut by a third to a half.
… for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for …
Group of people wearing masks

Going Viral: COVID Conspiracies in Historical Perspective

How do conspiracy theories of the past compare with current ones?
… As national governments and the global scientific community struggle to contain the spread of the coronavirus, … for the Humanities. Any views, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this content do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for …
North Korea's prime minister Kim Il-sung and China's premier Zhou Enlai tour Beijing in 1958.

China Holds the Key to the North Korea Problem

… As the international community struggles to respond effectively to the missile tests recently … the four policeman (Churchill’s three great powers plus China). The leaders of the four most powerful countries …
Djiboutian workers fill bags with wheat destined for Ethiopia, provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), at the Port of Djibouti, Africa, Jan. 7, 2013.

The Birth and Death of USAID

… in the beginning of 2025, still working in the name of the commitment that President John F. Kennedy had made in 1961 … warned that the United States needed to demonstrate the opposite, and the existing machinery of aid was not up the … largely did the same, and the results were not necessarily good. Projects became tangled in the violence …
Cover of Mother of Invention by Robert I. Field

Government Fingers in the Health Care Jar?

Review of Mother of Invention: How the Government Created "Free Market Health Care", by Robert I. Field (Oxford University Press, 2013)
… to the current debates in health policy. He writes to discredit the notion that the government’s hand is only now … that translates to the future of American health care comes in his final chapter. “Health care cannot function,” … provide.” In this sense, government involvement remains a necessary component for healthcare to advance. In the …
Hiroshima after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city.

Terrorism: A New Kind of War?

… the targets of terrorism offends our sensibilities. Nonetheless, targeting civilians is neither new nor restricted to … the recent attacks on New York City and Washington were committed by a transnational organization. But it is hard to … not new. For example, the “Black Hand,” a group of Serbian ultra-nationalists, fired the opening shot of World War I on …
The Obama family attending a 2014 Easter service at 19th Street Baptist Church.

Democrats Revive Our Civic-Religious Traditions

… who make up the Religious Right, faith is important when it comes to moral issues such as abortion and homosexual … Personal sacrifice for the common good would provide a necessary check to the selfishness that could easily arise … was engaging in the language of civic humanism. He then seamlessly connected this sense of caring for one another with …
The Romanov Family

The Romanov Tercentenary: Commemoration, History, and Power

… the Russias.” Services in Moscow capped a series of events commemorating the Romanovs’ tercentenary, in what proved to … instead a major hub of textile manufacture and had been the site of major labor unrest in 1905; factory workers were … yellow and black standards, but now they are flown by ultra-nationalist groups, advocating “Russia for Russians” …

Updating ‘No Child Left Behind:’ Change, or More of the Same

… in American society. Educators tended to take an opposite view of these developments, believing that they … of the American Federation of Teachers (AFT). Weingarten complains that the administration's plans "put 100 percent … the war against Hitler's genocidal racism did much to discredit the racist ideologies (that is, biological …
Two Nord Stream pipes are welded together on the Castoro Sei pipelaying vessel in preparation for laying them beneath the Baltic Sea, 2011.

The Environmental Threat of Russia’s Nord Stream 2 Pipeline

… superpower status. Its narrowing, unstable economy has become dependent on the export of a single commodity: energy. … A map of the original Nord Stream pipeline with connecting lines. The new project would nearly double the … is reported to have drifted around 12 km from the accident site. In this animation, diesel oil is visible in the …
typewriter

Between Black and White

The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations
… The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Between Black and White: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Betw-een Black and -white: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations Despite the … In the absence of the psychological and political prerequisites, organizing an Afro-Brazilian mass movement may prove …
illustration of people around a fire ring

The Causes and Costs of Barrenness

Review of Infertility in Early Modern England, by Daphna Oren-Magidor (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017)
… the emotional toll on and social ramifications for childless married couples in Early Modern England. To elucidate … and legacy. Women, on the other hand, struggled to comes to terms with their infertility in large part because … offers, Nicholas Fontanus, the author of a 17th century gynecological manual, linked women’s lust with infertility, …
Amish schoolhouse in 1941 Pennsylvania.

1/13/2015: Top Ten Origins: The Common Core Curriculum

… Kentucky school, 1946 Common Core is a set of voluntary standards in the United … believed to policy debates over student debt , and from battles over teacher tenure, to racial inequality, school … to say about national education, but they did not deem it necessary to insert it into their document. ( Click on the …
Print of a tar and feathering in Boston from1774.

Economic Justice — in the Streets

… public interest. Neither did Whitewater in the 1990s. Commentators can’t decide whether Americans are too … the property of the bank’s directors and lawyers. Exquisite houses came down, imported furniture burned in the … preferably, but by the strength of their numbers when necessary. Seth Rockman is an assistant professor of history …
Illustration of Adam and Eve.

Changing the Constitution to Protect Adam and Eve?

… social values into the Constitution. Americans learned a lesson from that and revoked the 18th in a 21st amendment in … constitution has 287 Sections grouped into 17 Articles. Subsequently, the state has added 706 amendments to an … bingo games in the town of Jasper to providing for the compensation of the Judge of Probate in Barbour County. As a …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… to the nation he coined the phrase "military-industrial complex." Eisenhower used that address to issue a warning to … have ignored Eisenhower's warning entirely. The anatomy lesson begins with the institutions of government: a chapter … promoting and funding "big science" as well as the deep connections between the Pentagon and think-tanks, universities …
Riot police officers in Kyiv, December 2013

A Postcard from Kyiv: A Year of Reckoning for Ukraine

… in Kyiv,  December 2013 The year 2014 will no doubt become a caesura, a line dividing Ukraine’s history into … EuroMaidan Protests in Ukraine, December 2013 It is not necessary to be a distinguished German philosopher, with his … Adam Michnik, commenting on annexation, said: "The Poles would definitely have fought back." How will we live …
Wedding rings.

Getting Government Out of Marriage, and Vice Versa

… so that all Jews could go back to biblical ways. The Ten Commandments are mute about gay marriage. Males in a homosexual union are at least less likely than … to “covet thy neighbors’ wife,” prohibited by the Tenth Commandment. To oppose the Massachusetts court ruling, the …
Judge Charles W. Pickering, Sr.

Ghosts of Mississippi Haunt Pickering’s Nomination

… The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee will vote early in March on the Bush … effort to elevate Federal District Judge Charles W. Pickering Sr. to the 5th Circuit of Appeals, based in …   Why is that? Because Judge Pickering once enjoyed connections with the now-defunct Mississippi State Sovereignty …
The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs Book Cover

The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism

Review of The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs (Viking Books, 2006)
… early in the nineteenth century, but whose adventures and accomplishments were so much admired they made him an … von Humboldt saw wherever he explored was "the chain of connection" between all things. As he himself put it: "In … the study of physical phenomena. . . , we find its noblest and most important result to be a knowledge of the …
President Barack Obama (painting) by Kehinde Wiley.

Who Can Write Obama’s History?

… John F. Kennedy did to his would-be iconographer, Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., that he hopes someone is busy getting it all … Kennedy. For surely there was no better reason to employ Schlesinger, the historian who had already done wonders for … himself. Which won’t be so bad. Obama’s already an accomplished memoirist. He evidently prefers to be his own …