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Spanish and French troops in Afghanistan in 2005.

Calling Al-Qaeda Fascist Doesn’t Make It So

… Following the recent arrest of al-Qaeda-linked conspirators planning … fascism, at least in its most familiar German incarnation, was a genocidal, totalitarian movement, Bush's comparison … the current situation. Fascism in Europe was destroyed when the states it ruled were occupied and their governments …
Senator J. William Fulbright in 1966.

Advice from the Past about Yugoslavia

… with Russia make one wonder if this is just a pause in the fighting. Will the U.S. continues its propaganda war … Each side made concessions. Until the crisis, Kennedy was a militant cold warrior, promoting military buildups and … authorized the president’s use of “armed force” in Vietnam. When Johnson introduced hundreds of thousands of U.S. ground …
A view of New York City behind Secretary Gale Norton in a lower Manhattan office space in 2006.

Downsizing Becomes Normal

… from American corporations have continued unaffected by weather, criticism, or the economy. Fifty-eight thousand … Give your life to IBM and it will take care of you, was the understanding. Job security first became a central … were barely half those in other occupational sectors. When Myers’s father urged him to accept a white-collar …
Sobaek Mountain

A Postcard from Yeongju, South Korea

… Yeongju, a city in South Korea, is famous as the historic home of the Seonbi, Confucian scholars who … active today. With more than 1,000 years of history, it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 and … as alleviating hunger. Ganghakdang in Sosu Seowon. When entering Sosu Seowon, the first building that visitors …
 Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner book Cover.

He Led His People Into the Desert

Review of Brigham Young: Pioneer Prophet, by John G. Turner (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2012)
… To describe the life of Brigham Young requires a mastery of subtlety and … painted nineteenth-century Mormonism as culturally deviant, when situated amongst the diverse milieu of utopian, … and thus encouraged civilizing missions as long as it was convenient.  However, when conflicts arose between …
Omagh, Northern Ireland in 2001.

Taking the Guns Out of Irish Politics

The decommissioning of weapons in Northern Ireland ought to … occurred in 1798 and the present IRA’s campaign since 1969 was unveiled. Many republicans — including most of those who … without precedent in Ireland. But are precedents relevant when lives are at stake? Moreover, politicians should be …
Cover of Caesar A Life in Western Culture by Maria Wyke.

A Man for All Seasons

Review of Caesar: A Life in Western Culture, by Maria Wyke (Chicago 2008)
… Dallas DeForest reviewed Richard Stoneman's book on the reception from ancient to modern times of the legends … or in intellectual history generally.  Wyke is at her best when she discusses the uses to which Caesar's legend is put … Wyke shows that, depending on context and purpose, Caesar was viewed by the Franks in the Middle Ages either as cruel …
Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… “Undoubtedly there is something in the Slavic nature which predisposes … of some kind, and a chimney or smokehole…. The only exit was the smokehole, or in the finer habitations, a window. … Thirty Years War stands as a testimony to what can happen when political acrimony, religious intolerance, and …
Cover of A Wicked Company The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment by Philipp Blom.

Dangerous (Thinking) Liaisons

Review of A Wicked Company: The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment, by Philipp Blom (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… Blom's explicit aim in writing this book is to rehabilitate the historical reputation of the overlooked radical … argues that Holbach's most important contribution, however, was hosting the most radical of salons in his Paris home.  … them of betrayals and conspiracies to humiliate him.  When Holbach sends him a gift of his favorite wine, Rousseau …
King speaking to an anti-Vietnam war rally at the University of Minnesota in St. Paul, April 27, 1967.

Which Martin Luther King to Honor?

… Which Martin Luther King Jr., will we honor this year?  The Southerner who … the Jim Crow system of racial segregation. That work was only the first part of his career, however. As terribly … the world. This is a vital part of his legacy to us. Even when the United States was engaged in war, he refused to …
Custis Lee (1832–1913) on horseback in front of the Jefferson Davis Memorial in Richmond, Virginia on June 3, 1907, reviewing Confederate Reunion Parade.

Trent Lott and the Collapse of Southern Mythology

… With 2002 drawing to a close, the ghosts of Southern history have become important players … ghosts of a mythic southern past became the glorious, whitewashed heroes. By the end of the nineteenth century, these … the weakness of this attempt during his Pascagoula apology, when he turned from his earlier admiration for …

'The Energy of a Bright Tomorrow': The Rise of Nuclear Power in Japan

… On March 12, 2011, an explosion rocked the towns of Futaba and Okuma in Fukushima, Japan, but few … fields, and tore chasms through the asphalt streets. But it was a human-made disaster at the nearby nuclear power plants … materials for peaceful purposes would grow to the point when both sides would dismantle weapons to provide fuel for …
Film poster for Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995).

Top Ten Origins: Bollywood Films

… “Bollywood” is the name that the Anglophone press in India gave to … to their children but to land and the country. Mother India was released ten years after India’s independence from the … time. The production budget for a single song, “Why Fear When You Are in Love,” was almost as much as the budgets for …
State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen Book Cover.

The Anatomy of the Military-Industrial Complex

Review of State of War: The Political Economy of American Warfare, 1945-2011, by Paul A. C. Koistinen (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press, 2012)
… Koistinen in his new book State of War can be summed up in the following data point: twenty years after the end of thethe armed services themselves. He then moves outward from Washington. Chapter 4 considers the growth of the defense … has spent roughly $7.5 trillion on nuclear weapons, but when he takes us to visit warehouses full of mothballed …
A scene from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

Remembering '56: The Hungarian Revolution

… On October 23, Hungarians marked the 60 th anniversary of the ill-fated revolution that ended … denunciation of Stalin to the Suez Crisis, 1956 was a year of momentous changes and crises in the Cold War … hopes of steering the movement towards a peaceful outcome. When crowds of unarmed civilians were gunned down on that …
Sir Christopher Wren

The Society That Started It All: The Origins of Modern Science

Review of The Royal Society and the Invention of Modern Science, by Adrian Tinniswood (New York: Basic Books, 2019.)
… Adrian Tinniswood begins The Royal Society and the Invention of Modern Science by … despite their age. Deviation from these entrenched models was professionally dangerous and often censored, as Galileo … to Arundel House in 1710, where it remained until 1780 when it moved to the larger Somerset House. After again …
J.P. Morgan

Time (Yet Again) for Preventative Regulation

… First, look at the nation’s history: The Bush administration, Ben Bernanke … and made Morgan a small fortune in the process. But this was part of a larger battle over regulation. In contrast … central philosophy of 1912: tough preventative oversight, when risk-takers are making outsized profits. Christopher …

A Pact with the Devil? The United States and the Fate of Modern Haiti

… ago, on January 12, 2010, a devastating earthquake struck the island nation of Haiti. The following day, as tens of … Haiti and its people are cursed. The curse, he claimed, was the result of a "pact" that the Haitian people made with … the Revolution in Haiti began. Political conflict emerged when the gens de couleur , the free Black population, began …
Antichristus, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach the Elder: the pope depicted as the Antichrist, using his temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler.

The Bible as a Political Tool

The 5,280-pound monument of the Ten Commandments installed … Revolution. On the very day that American independence was declared, a committee consisting of Benjamin Franklin, … relief of Moses is in the House of Representatives.   When Judge Moore and his Alabama supporters use the Bible to …
The ruins of Ludlow

Which Side Are You On?: The Ludlow Massacre and Class Struggle in 1914

… Today, Ludlow, Colorado is a ghost town. Like so many other small mining towns that sprung up during the mining … world's largest industrial economy. Eventually, the coal was used up, and the town simply became no more. Ludlow, … a thug for J.H. Blair [Harlan County Sheriff].” In a time when the cost of rights in the workplace could be measured …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… Map of the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. This year marks … the tragedies of partition, whereby British-ruled India was divided into two separate, independent states. The … which they argue was unable to overcome these divisions when imagining an independent India. Still others focus on …
map of Yugoslavia

What Victory in Yugoslavia May Mean for Future Wars

… For eighty years a heated argument has been raging within the U.S. military. The war in Yugoslavia may finally have … in the 1920s. He argued that most of the U.S. military was obsolete. The United States needed only a powerful air … uses these resources. But civilians use them much more. And when bombs go astray (as they are bound to do sometimes) …