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… ties were also immensely important, for one often needed community support at the assembly to win a legal case. Thus, … was not the first one to do so, his work found a captive audience: the Victorians loved Vikings.  In previous … transformed into that of a noble ancestor that embodied freedom and self-reliance. It’s easy to see why the  …

… , to name a few. Yet, aside from the high-profile case studies of Cuba and Nicaragua, one region of the Global South … and development. Latin America is a vast region comprising 33 individual countries in the southern half of … fields of Latin American, Third World, and Cold War history points the way toward much future research. With memorable …

… speculative thinking with his new biography on Trotsky. Coming after his previous biographies on Lenin and Stalin, … Alexander Parvus (1867-1924) and fell in love with his life-companion, Natalya Sedova (1882-1962). Quickly returning to … rationale behind the actions of his principle actor becomes increasingly problematic as the book progresses. …

… the story goes. In January 1918, after forty-one months of combat, Allied troops were ready for a ceasefire, but they … and the failure of the Spring Offensive caused German soldiers’ morale to plummet. The impact was devastating. On August 8, 1918, 17,000 German soldiers surrendered to the Allies following a British …

… Catholic Republic of Ireland, an utterly unacceptable outcome. They therefore fiercely fought the civil rights … take a seat, even if elected) in either of the electoral bodies that represented the two halves of the island: the … Army Checkpoint in Belfast, 1977, (left) ; British soldiers patrol a Belfast street as children play, 1980s …

… drugs, we find that stories of drug wars are actually quite commonplace. Ultimately, these drug wars, waged across … and the Origins of Mexico’s War on Drugs , Dr. Campos studies how Mexico’s anti-drug attitudes, in many ways, predate … them being basically locked in either a prison or a soldiers’ barracks, which was kind of like a prison because …

… in Polish-Jewish history. After years of controversies and compromises, the final product represents the dedicated … Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, a professor of performance studies at New York University, who was appointed to as the … flourished for centuries and that it did not completely die after 1945. The Museum is part of the larger, historical …

… some political pundits conclude, negotiations cannot overcome divine principles dictating distinct worldviews that … Rightly Guided Caliphs were chosen by a consensus of the community. This was not a democracy; it was instead a … as  ashura . Shi'is believe that Husayn was a martyr who died the rightful leader of the political community. …

… the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … came face to face with the ethical dilemmas of an Atlantic commercial system dependent on enslaved labor. An … created a government-sanctioned monopoly for the West-Indies and empowered slave-trading states in West Africa.” If …

… magazine. She went on to Smith College, where she studied psychology and completed a year of graduate work at the University of … The Fountain of Age in 1993 as well as two memoirs. She died on her 85th birthday in 2006.   Despite Friedan’s …

… onto both parties’ national agendas for decades to come and FDR splicing “conservation into the Democratic …

… The prominent reformer, Martin Luther boasts the most complex legacy of his contemporaries because of how he … Martin Luther’s World and Legacy grapples with Luther’s complicated legacy through a series of brilliantly … an age when noblemen had to prove their honour with their bodies.” Luther drew power from intellectual combat, while the …

… of China’s greatest imperial dynasty was, like Mao, a commoner. As with many dynastic founders, it is difficult to … and “Madam Liu”). They were farmers, working the rice paddies that stretched out from the Yellow River northward over … Shi Huangdi, to sustain his rule. The famed terracotta soldiers at the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi, discovered by …

… helped inspire. Like Nixon in late 1969, the author has become immensely disillusioned with America's leadership class … state of politics in the American Republic. Having become a strong critique of the Bush dynasty in recent years, … According to Phillips, as fundamentalism gained a wider audience it played a more vocal role in shaping the parameters …

… and the simultaneous purges, officers were rushed into commission; in 1941, only half had completed any formal … the annihilation of hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers. The Soviet Union suffered an average of 46,000 … population and a staggering 16 percent of the USSR’s would die , mostly in the titanic struggle between Hitler and …