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Statue of Peter the Great in Moscow

The Past and Future of Russian-American Relations

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, … one. We should not panic if Russia, in the short-term, becomes more antagonistic toward Western values and interests. … more important, the current round of reforms is part of a complex and ongoing process of assimilation and rejection of …
Spanish and French troops in Afghanistan in 2005.

Calling Al-Qaeda Fascist Doesn’t Make It So

… to face a fanatical, determined foe. Speaking in Wisconsin just hours after the plotters' arrest, Bush declared … a "totalitarian ideology" menacing people everywhere. This comparison between Islamic radicalism and fascism, which some commentators on the Right have trumpeted ever since 9/11, is …
A 1960s photo of a hallway inside the Philadelphia County Prison.

Have We Learned Nothing About Prisons?

… of the horrific conclusion of the worst prison uprising in American history. And we’ve learned little from it. … the world, trailing only Russia. The prison industry has become big business: billions of dollars are being spent on … reprisals and crackdowns on inmate reading material became common. Television replaced reading as the preferred source …
German and Indian troops as part of the international coalition to put down the Boxer Rebellion

History Shadows U.S.-China Relations

… six European powers and Japan arrived to crush the uprising. When the Protocol was drafted, it placed all of the … of more than $30 million (then an astronomical amount) as compensation to foreign powers for the damage caused by the … have been censured, not paid, in 1901.  Foreign soldiers committed war crimes, critics of the Protocol argue, and …
a can of Spaghetti-Os

Spaghetti in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

… Donald Goerke invented SpaghettiOs, the round, canned cousins of spaghetti. The SpaghettiO is now a strangely … every piece was in place for this circular pasta to become a staple of the American diet. By 2010, over 150 … pasta and sauce. In this sense, it is a food source that completely disconnects “food” and “source.” During the 19 th …
Howard Dean in 2014.

How Dean Followed in Goldwater’s Steps

… in polls. But his campaign has been in a tailspin ever since. John Kerry trounced the maverick front-runner in Iowa … Barry Goldwater of 1964. Dean should have taken the comparison seriously. Glaring parallels exist between the … election, few believed that Goldwater could successfully compete for, much less win, the Republican nomination, but …
Most U.S. casualties, like these in a C-17 military transport aircraft, return to Dover Air Force Base in Dover, Delaware. (unknown date)

For Mom, Blueberry Pie — and Iraq?

… on “the near absence among the men I worked with… of any comprehension of what Nazism meant.” Commentator Dwight Macdonald called the war simply “the … had begun. It was far easier to commit the nation to opposing Soviet communism if communist totalitarians were …

Cops and Robbers? The Roots of Anti-Doping Policies in Olympic Sport

… Agency (WADA) Dick Pound presented “The Independent Commission Report #1” to the press corps. The 323-page … country’s anti-doping establishment. WADA’s “Independent Commission Report #1” team (Richard Pound, Richard McLaren, … scandals have come and gone, yet the common practice of using performance enhancing substances has remained more or …
John Trumbull's portrait of Alexander Hamilton.

This Won’t Be the Last Political Sex Scandal

… be eclipsed by the next scandal before too long. If we’re becoming a more liberal society, shouldn’t there be fewer and … standards of sexual morality that have governed our culture since the colonial era. Some commentators will bemoan the apparent moral corruption of …
the back of a man who is looking at a flying saucer in the sky

Project Blue Book: America's Obsession with UFOs

Headquartered at Wright Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, OH, Project Blue Book, the U.S. Air Force’s investigation into UFOs, ran for 12 years beginning in March of 1952.
… the World to Flying Saucers https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/ …
Rick Santorum at prayer, 2012

Rick Santorum and Fundamentalist Catholicism

… and he has offered himself as the only man capable of exorcising the demon.   Santorum has surged in the polls among GOP voters precisely because he is so comfortable mixing politics and religion. He presents a … the kind of bigotry American Catholics have tried to overcome. What may be less familiar is that Santorum’s brand of …
With its rhetoric of "the 99%" (the people) against "the 1%" (the elite), the international Occupy movement is an example of a (left-wing) populist social movement.

A New Populism in the United States

… their current political choices are limited.  Given decreasing voter turnout (on average, less than half of the … Americans and white working-class Americans are likely to come out in large numbers in support of an independent … the bill. While Fulani and Buchanan have been accused of compromising their respective positions on social issues, …
Undated photo of the Reichstag building in Berlin, Germany.

Democracy-Building Will Be Tougher This Time

… That country has seen incessant military takeovers, assassinations, political executions, and factional and ethnic … had literate, talented, industrially and technologically competent populations, a huge help in building a modern … officials today talk of a one- or possibly two-year commitment in Iraq. After World War II the vanquished …
An unidentified U.S. Marine Corps corporal fires his weapon at a wounded, unarmed Iraqi lying on the floor of a gutted mosque in Fallujah, Nov. 13, 2004. by Kevin Sites found on NPR.org

Shooting the Wounded: What Are the Rules Now?

… quarters, the United States has not used nuclear weapons since 1945, and in recent bombing campaigns one of the goals … the last decades of the 20th century. Tales of Americans committing atrocities in Korea have persisted for decades. … Calley of killing 22 villagers at My Lai. He may have become a sort of folk hero during his trial and was later …
The words "Equal Justice Under Law" which are inscribed on the front of the U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C.

The Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment

… too much about it." (Library of Congress) But that did not come to pass. The “no state shall” language was ideally … constrained congressional authority to protect rights ever since. It has been easier to argue that denial of rights inhibits interstate commerce than to rely on the Fourteenth Amendment. The …
Cover of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther's World and Legacy by Lyndal Roper.

The Legacy of Luther

Review of Living I Was Your Plague: Martin Luther’s World and Legacy, by Lyndal Roper (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… The prominent reformer, Martin Luther boasts the most complex legacy of his contemporaries because of how he … Martin Luther’s World and Legacy grapples with Luther’s complicated legacy through a series of brilliantly … argues that quill fights mimicked “the swagger of male single combat in an age when noblemen had to prove their …
Cover of Apache Diaspora by Paul Conrad.

“Diaspora” as a Creative and Historical Force

Review of The Apache Diaspora: Four Centuries of Displacement and Survival, by Paul Conrad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… of “violence.” Pekka Hämäläinen made an argument that the Comanche past constituted an “empire.” Benjamin Madley, … one overarching Apache ‘tribe’ or nation.” Despite this complexity, the author sticks to this Euro-American … clear the specific band names of groups wherever possible, using the Apache language terms most familiar to contemporary …
Sacking of Rome.

Bush’s Road Leads Back to Rome’s Empire

… … the birthright of every person – in every civilization." Since any other way of life is apparently uncivilized … the Romans had paved for their own armies to travel. If war comes, Iraq will be using the computers and cell phones and radar it got from the United …
painting - the War of 1812

The Legacy of the War of 1812 Is With Us Still

… one thing, it was a misbegotten war. Lacking today’s fast communications, Washington didn’t learn until after the … in early 1815, might also have been avoided with faster communications. The battle took place two weeks after … What the British call “the America War” was part of the closing phase of the global conflict that had raged across …

From Karl Marx to Karl Rove: “Class Warfare” in American Politics

… Class is back. Whatever its other accomplishments, the Occupy Wall Street movement that sprouted … To the millions of Americans facing unemployment, losing their homes, and racking up student loan debt, the idea … Budget Office offered this analysis of household income shortly after Occupy Wall Street started, showing that …
President Lyndon B. Johnson visiting American troops in Vietnam in 1966.

The Ambiguities of “Cut and Run”

… that Eisenhower did the responsible thing when he quickly completed the truce negotiations that ended the fighting in … border of the People’s Republic of China at the Yalu River, communist China entered the war and almost drove the UN … been condemned to the isolation it has experienced ever since.Ê In the end, the war lasted for another three years. …
Cover of Science under Fire Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett.

Science Beseiged

Review of Science Under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America, by Andrew Jewett (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 2020)
… Sarewitz contended that in contrast to most other pressing issues on which science had a primary voice—climate … or environmental poisoning, for instance—COVID-19 was compelling “people everywhere . . . to put their immediate … opportunism . . . are being brought to heel by the pincer combination of shared values and facts on the ground” ( …