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Muslim depiction of Muhammad - 17th century Ottoman copy from the "Edinburgh codex".

Iraq, Too, Must Separate Church and State

… strife between Sunnis and Shiites within your great community of Islam weakened the entire civic and social … and Methodists and nonbelievers in their midst, from becoming part of the federal Constitution. They firmly … Navy PACE program and a writer for the History News Service. …
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… to act decisively, during World War I President Wilson took command of telegraph and telephone systems, issued executive … Patriotic citizens assembled armed patrols to guard their communities. What is proposed now is a shadow of those … of California, Davis, and is a writer for the History News Service.  …
Hiroshima atomic bomb crew before the flight of Enola Gay.

Not Everyone Wanted to Bomb Hiroshima

… of nuclear weapons. Paul W. Tibbets Jr., retired brigadier general and former businessman, died on Nov. 1. He'll … the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught … nation's past. Uday Mohan, a writer for the History News Service, is a graduate student at American University who is …
Happy 2nd Lieutenant William Robertson and Lt. Alexander Sylvashko, Soviet Army, shown in front of sign [East Meets West] symbolizing the historic meeting of the Soviet and American Armies, near Torgau, Germany, 1945.

Top Ten Origins: The Best Moments in U.S.-Russian Relations

… many friendly moments as well. These constructive episodes complicate a history that is often painted as invariably antagonistic. Keeping this complexity in mind, here are ten of the better moments in … alliance was the historic meeting of Soviet and American soldiers on the Elbe River in Germany on April 25, 1945. The …
William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States.

Zealous Moderates: Barack Obama and William Howard Taft

… season brings a new round of presidential analogies and comparisons. Two years into his presidency, Barack Obama has already seen his share. Supporters have compared him to Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry … academic retirement at Yale Law School, returning to public service in 1921 as chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, …
The Mars explorer Curiosity's view back at its own tracks after crossing a sand dune in 2014.

Mariner 9: Opening The Martian Frontier

… in 2003. Mars, the red planet so close to Earth, has become a tantalizing target for humans to visit. Noted space … Elon Musk recently released plans to colonize Mars in the coming decades, using a network of space hardware to get … of Mars' surface craters ( right ). NASA, however, wanted a complete picture of the planet. It set aloft Mariners 8 and …
Vegetables from ecological farming.

Bringing Democrats and Republicans Together over Food

… enemies of peace."   Democrats and Republicans could surely come together to realize that children overseas dying or … hunger a foreign policy priority.  They can and should come together over food.   This has to happen if we are to … for many things in government, but not for global hunger.  Competition for foreign policy dollars is fierce, and global …
Anti-draft protest outside the Department of Justice in 1967.

The Draft — for Democracy

… afford to do so continued their education, while their compatriots with lesser means often found themselves … belief was fed by the inequities of the draft. Military service is a responsibility that should fall on everyone’s … service rates by African Americans, from the Buffalo Soldiers of the nineteenth century through World War II, …
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… administration and the North Korean regime and an errant incoming missile alert in Hawaii have focused America’s … fallout shelter signs and the wail of emergency sirens more commonly used for tornadoes than incoming nuclear attack. 1. 1949 – Stalin and the Bomb …
 This is the logo of the Heaven's Gate cult.

Gullible Americans?

… of the Heaven’s Gate suicides now blame everything from comets to cults to cyberspace to the dead themselves — the “weak” among us, as commentator David Gelernter put it. Perhaps when we have … least the glitz, of Donald Trump. Even the Internal Revenue Service has been gulled into dispensing a tax exemption to …
Cover of With Our Backs to the Wall Victory and Defeat in 1918 by David Stevenson.

The End of the War as They Knew It

Review of With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918, by David Stevenson (Cambridge, M.A.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
… of 1918, then nuanced chapters examining the major combatants in technology, logistics, and intelligence, … class, and gender. Scholars and students of the war will welcome the statistical data about war production, finance, and … on a major offensive originated from the military High Command under the control of Field Marshal Paul Hindenburg …
Collier's 1921 Lincoln Abraham - cabinet meeting.jpg

Lincoln’s and Obama’s Teams of Non-Rivals

… lockstep with him.   Obama’s choices might also inspire comparisons to Abraham Lincoln. By the beginning of … to what’s happening today in Obama’s.   Underscoring this comparison is Hollywood’s recent attention to Lincoln’s … the movie. Goodwin main theme is how Lincoln appointed his competitors for the 1860 presidential nomination to his …
Under Attlee's direction, the Labour Party's position on foreign affairs in the 1930s was somewhat inconsistent. A believer in the "collective security" represented by the League of Nations, Attlee opposed rearmament even as he pushed for firmer measures against Nazi aggression.

A Sheep in Sheep’s Clothing

Review of Clement Attlee: The Man Who Made Modern Britain, by John Bew (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017).
… – the Labour Party emerged from the 1945 election with a commanding majority in the House of Commons – Attlee achieved what no other Labour leader had … including the creation of the National Health Service and the granting of independence to India and …
General George Washington Resigning his Commission.

Diplomatic Advisers: Washington, Kennan, FDR

… on the one-dollar bill lived a long time ago. His last communication – the "Farewell Address" of 1796 – was really … Farewell Address (if we think of it at all) as an obsolete command for Americans to isolate themselves from the rest of … Nations," 2d edition, and a writer for the History News Service. Ralph E. Shaffer is a professor emeritus of history …
Ajax, The Dutch, The War: the Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour, by Simon Kuper Book cover.

Is It Only A Game?

Review of Ajax, The Dutch, The War: the Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour, by Simon Kuper (New York: Nation Books, 2012)
… opportunity to delve into a subject dear to my heart but completely outside of my own research. Much to my delight, … Gripping as these chapters were, the ones I found most compelling were those that grappled with Holland's … groups. Kuper ponders to what extent Nazi symbols have become exciting taboos in Holland (222). He does a marvelous …
This painting by Jean-Baptiste de Saive (1562) portrays the environment of the kitchen as a place of making. As Wall argues, the kitchen was one of the main spaces for women to create and experiment.

Kitchen Wisdom

Review of Recipes for Thought: Knowledge and Taste in the Early Modern English Kitchen, by Wendy Wall (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
… legacy and identity, verifying truth, and even forging community. Recipes were not only for the creation of tasty … of artistry that provided women with a way to engage in comedy and performance at the table. The production of a … trial and error to find cures for a variety of maladies (215-6). Authors of these texts wrote down their …
Medical examination photo of Gordon showing his scourged back, widely distributed by Abolitionists to expose the brutality of slavery. From at least the 1860s onwards, photography was a powerful tool in the abolitionist movement.

Can Reparations Heal the Wounds of Slavery?

… elsewhere indicate that the slavery lawsuit could become an invaluable tool for bridging the racial divide in … system, and perhaps even reaches the stage of exploring remedies, public discussion is likely to provide momentum for a … Injustices" (2000) and a writer for the History News Service. …
Celebrations for Jamaican Independence, 2012.

Jamaican Independence

… Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and African Communities League in Kingston in 1914. Though Garvey was … Depression increased labor unrest across the British West Indies in the 1930s. Workplace strikes and riots took place in … on the location of its capital, political leadership, and competing views on individual nationalism. The Federation …
Cover of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire by Taner Akçam

The Crime That Dare Not Speak Its Name

Review of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire, by Taner Akçam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… to produce genocide. These include the Young Turks' intense commitment to the homogenization of Anatolia (a development … on the role of religion, not simply ethnicity, as a major component in the homogenization policies of the Committee of … Some of the Armenians were relocated successfully, but many died in the process mostly from thirst, exhaustion, hunger, …
The Dalai Lama speaking in front of Tibet's flag.

A New Chance for Peace in Tibet

… Both sides have long known that the solution lay in compromise and talks have endured intermittently, and … the far more difficult issue of Taiwan. Now that Deng has died, both sides now appear determined to find a solution. … (2nd edition, 1996), and a writer for the History News Service. …