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President Clinton and President-Elect Bush in December 2000.

Leadership and the New Bush Administration

… the next president of the United States is destined for failure. By implication, historians can begin to prepare … otherwise, is a dynamic process that revolves around three complex elements — the leader, the followers and the … vast sources of power, which can be wielded in different ways to influence followers and the general course of …
In 2014, the debate about the underlying causes of "long, hot summers" remerged with the high-profile police killings of Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and others.

Long Hot Summers and Separate Societies

Review of Separate and Unequal: The Kerner Commission and the Unraveling of American Liberalism, by Steven M. Gillon (New York: Basic Books, 2018)
For two weeks in August 2014, the St. Louis suburb of … Do the police reify inequality by targeting low-income communities of color or are they the “thin blue line” … with exploring both the causes of the riots and proposing ways to avoid future uprisings. The twelve-member Commission …

Singapore at Fifty

… From a meagre population of 150 when the British East India Company first set up a factory and trading post on the … globally, and it is the third largest international foreign exchange (FOREX) hub. Commentators have often … transactions were facilitated by the use of Chinese copper coins. Chinese currency facilitated trade not just with …
Labor Secretary Elaine Chao in 2005.

Written With the Blood of Miners

… the U.S. Congress and with the president’s signature will become law. While a new law represents a positive step for miners, there’s a real risk that it will prove a … The calamity-ridden Chinese mining industry is on its way to yet another year in which more than 5,000 miners will …
Abandoned nuclear weapons depot in Northern Germany.

What About the WMDs that DO Exist?

… Cold War, they were followed by the Intermediate Nuclear Forces Treaty in 1987, two Strategic Arms Reduction Treaties (START I, in 1991 and START II, in 1993), and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT, in 1996). These … signed the agreement, because they considered it a useful way to reverse the nuclear arms race. As late as the year …
A protest for nuclear disarmament

We Cannot Afford to Neglect Nuclear Disarmament

… Russia’s plans for new nuclear weapons should serve as a wake-up call forfor new nuclear weaponry. The U.S. refusal to sign the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty to eliminate nuclear test explosions is a roadblock in the way of nuclear disarmament. The United States needs to …
Mata Hari (1876-1917).

Top Ten Origins: Spies, Lies, and Moles: Oh My!

… spy. Since then, as this list shows, espionage became more complex and increasingly valuable. The times change, but … a procession of wealthy and influential lovers along the way. During World War I, Mata Hari’s Russian lover, a pilot … in a forward hospital. French officials let Mata Hari visit him in exchange for her agreement to spy on Germans. …
The film Poster for Captain Phillips (2013)

Contested Waters: Captain Phillips and the Hijacking of the Maersk Alabama

… In 2009, according to the International Maritime Commission, the waters off the northeastern coast of Somalia … in a white frame house in Underhill, Vermont, preparing for his trip navigating the Maersk Alabama from the Port of … a Greek ship, so that he can one day travel to America and buy his own car. The dramatic, action-filled hijacking …
Depiction of General Scott capturing Mexico City during the Mexican-American War.

Getting Away from the “Quagmire” Cliché

… look no further into their past than the Vietnam War for instructive analogies about Iraq. They had better search further. While comparisons of Iraq with Vietnam may stir Howard Dean’s … analogy to the current situation we have to look all the way back to a war that warrants only a paragraph or two in …
Portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi.

Burma’s Hope Imprisoned

… two weeks ago, world attention turned to the embattled hope for democracy in the impoverished southeast Asian country. … in southeast Asia, fully hopeful of joining the world community of free and independent nations. Burma is little … regime attacked the convoy of Suu Kyi as she was on her way to rally her followers. They killed some of her …
Cover of The Blue Tattoo: The Life of Olive Oatman by Margot Mifflin.

Taking it on the Chin

Review of The Blue Tattoo: The Life of Olive Oatman, by Margot Mifflin (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009)
Courtesans such as Lilly Langtry (in this 1885 photograph) are claimed to have started utilizing underwear as tool of seduction.

Where’s that Sexy History Under There?

Review of Exposed: A History of Lingerie, by Colleen Hill (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Yale University Press, 2014)
… - mostly through means of fashion photography and short accompanying descriptions - Hill attempts to describe lingerie … long flowing petticoats of the late eighteenth century give way to the tight black nylon bodysuit of the 2000s. These … and gender control, if perhaps the author made room for this in her own analysis. This ladies underwear …
Undated photo of the Reichstag building in Berlin, Germany.

Democracy-Building Will Be Tougher This Time

… or Japan are far too great to make them credible models for this task. Both Germany and Japan had had important … had literate, talented, industrially and technologically competent populations, a huge help in building a modern … and Japan were devastated by prolonged total war, in a way we assume Iraq will not be, making them more prone to …
A portrait of U.S. Brig. Gen. William “Billy” Mitchell, who advocated for air power in the 1920s.

Rumsfeld Must Modernize U.S. Armed Forces

… the urgent need to modernize the nation’s defense forces. Wisely, the Bush administration had already … believed, the U.S. military services had to become flexible and mobile enough to meet smaller and more … themselves. The uniformed leadership dearly wanted money to buy weapons, but not the futuristic ones that Rumsfeld had …
Anne Boleyn in the Tower of London, Portrait of Anne Boleyn, and Anne Boleyn with her Daughter.

The Execution of Anne Boleyn

… guilty of treason against her own husband. Henry VIII had come to the throne in 1509 not as the larger-than-life … of civil war , this was an extremely advantageous match for the English. So advantageous, in fact, that Catherine … when medical explanations for fertility problems often gave way to more misogynistic and superstitious ones. Henry …
Portrait of James Madison.

The Hidden Consequences of Campaign Finance Reform

… discussion of issues over party politics but make political compromise even more difficult than it is today. In 1787, … often divert politicians from the goal of doing what’s best for the country. But while a decline of political … ethnic and ideological diversity, the parties have nearly always been among the few truly national American …
Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) Book Cover

Ho Chi Minh: A Biography

Review of Ho Chi Minh: A Biography, by Pierre Brocheux (translation by Claire Duiker) (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007)
… – "This book is dedicated to the idealists of the world, for whom history always ends in disappointment." The ironic turn of phrase … at the fringes of European and Asian societies, Ho's complex experiences have been canonized at home and abroad, …
Three former directors of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.

The WHO and the Eradication of Smallpox

… of the pharaohs. It played a historic role as the disease for which the  first vaccine was developed (in 1796); and it … was the result of a decades-long global program involving complex geopolitical cooperation, human ingenuity, and … in Parker’s exposure to smallpox in a most unnatural way. She was taken to the East Birmingham Hospital, where …
Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade, by Donald Critchlow Book Cover.

Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade

Review of Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade, by Donald Critchlow (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005)
… movements; and the third being "crib-sheet books, the compilations, quote books, 'dictionaries' and … role that women played – and continue to play – in rallying for conservative politicians and, importantly, conservative … rise of conservatism, conservative intellectuals paved the way for the grassroots. But is this narrative correct? The …
President Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton in the Oval Office in 2009.

Don’t Get Tough, Barack

… only does one never show weakness, but one never talks to foreign potentates you don’t like unless you know from the … to the point of foolishness. Reagan did have new ideas, new ways of thinking about government. You were right to remind … the Great Migration' (1989) and a writer for the History News Service. …
Official Portrait of President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan

“The Reagans”: The Spirit of Censorship Lives

… that the controversial series was more appropriate for a small, paying Showtime audience than a network … history. Ed Gillespie, chairman of the Republican National Committee, complained that the CBS script contains language … interpretive. Dramatic representations of the past always contain inventions, because the creators of these films …
The sickle and hammer on a Soviet Union flag from the 1930s.

A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History)

Review of A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History) , by Vladislav Zubok (2007, University of North Carolina Press)
For fifty years the Soviet Union stood in the eyes of the … motives and the messianic revolutionary ideals of Russian communism. 2 Originating in Czarist Russia, traditional … – in this, he echoes the opinion of Reagan himself who always credited Gorbachev with bring the cold war to an end. …
"Freedom From Want" - NARA poster 1943

The Spirit of 1947: This Thanksgiving Feed a Silent Guest and Build World Peace

… a peaceful Europe. At the time, many worried that Communism might gain power in Europe. Could a third world … without adequate nutrition, none of their problems will go away. Peace will remain elusive. Yet despite this grim … Congress is proposing to reduce international food aid.   Revisit 1947. Americans chose not to let hunger gain strength …